本文介绍在Ubuntu/Debian系统中使用apt-get升级单个软件包，升级软件包的最常用方法是运行命令sudo apt-get upgrade，但是这样做的结果是所有已安装的软件包都将升级到配置的Ubuntu存储库中可用的最新版本。
使用apt-get在Ubuntu/Debian中升级单个软件包
1、要在任何基于Ubuntu/Debian的系统中使用apt-get(Debian和Ubuntu最实用的apt-get命令详解)升级单个软件包，请使用以下syntax：
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade packagename
这适用于所有Ubuntu、Debian和Linux Mint系统，将packagename替换为要升级的程序包的名称即可。
2、请参阅下面的示例以升级ubuntu-keyring：
$ sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade ubuntu-keyring
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
ubuntu-keyring
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 190 not upgraded.
Need to get 22.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-keyring all 2018.09.18.1~18.04.0 [22.4 kB]
Fetched 22.4 kB in 1s (34.5 kB/s)
(Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/ubuntu-keyring_2018.09.18.1~18.04.0_all.deb …
Unpacking ubuntu-keyring (2018.09.18.1~18.04.0) over (2018.02.28) …
Setting up ubuntu-keyring (2018.09.18.1~18.04.0) …
在Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint中升级多个软件包
1、要升级多个包，请用空格分隔它们：
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade thunderbird cinnamon cinnamon-common
2、如果要升级所有已安装的软件包，请使用以下命令：
sudo apt-get upgrade
使用脚本在Ubuntu中升级单个程序包/多个程序包
1、我们可以创建一个简单的脚本，每当你想在Ubuntu或Debian系统中使用apt-get升级单个包时，我们就会将包名称作为参数传递。使用以下内容在/usr/local/bin/myupgrade中创建脚本：
#!/bin/bash
pakage_names="$@"
[[ -z $pakage_names ]] && { echo "Usage: $(basename $0) package1 package 2 package.."; exit 1; }
# Check if package is already installed
for package in ${pakage_names[@]}; do
if dpkg -s "$package" 2>/dev/null | grep -q Status.*installed; then
echo "Attempting to upgrade $package"
sudo apt-get --only-upgrade -y install $package
else
echo "Package $package is not installed, install it (y/n): "
read selection
if [[ $selection == "y" ]] || [[ $selection == "Y" ]]; then
sudo apt-get -y install $package
else
echo "Okay!, next time"
fi
fi
done
2、给脚本一个执行位：
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/myupgrade
3、必须将参数传递给脚本才能升级包：
$ myupgrade
Usage: myupgrade package1 package 2 package..
4、要升级单个包，请在末尾传递单个参数
$ myupgrade util-linux
Attempting to upgrade util-linux
[sudo] password for jmutai:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
Suggested packages:
util-linux-locales
The following packages will be upgraded:
util-linux
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 182 not upgraded.
Need to get 902 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 util-linux amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 [902 kB]
Fetched 902 kB in 2s (518 kB/s)
(Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/util-linux_2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb …
Unpacking util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) over (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2) …
Setting up util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) …
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) …
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.9) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) …
5、对于多个包，请提供以空格分隔的名称：
$ myupgrade nplan openssl perl
6、如果尚未安装软件包，脚本将询问你是否要安装它，按“Y”或“y”确认：
$ myupgrade elinks
Package elinks is not installed, install it (y/n)
y
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
Suggested packages:
elinks-doc tre-agrep
The following NEW packages will be installed:
elinks elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 169 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,062 kB of archives.
至此，操作完成。
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