Android之Touch事件分发机制
直接进入正题,在android开发中,手势触碰是经常使用到的。这两天刚好在看这方面的资料,在这里写篇文章做个小总结。
首先必须知道五大布局Layout:LineaLayout,RelativeLayout,FrameLayout,AbsoluteLayout都继承自ViewGroup,而TableLayout继承LinearLayout,也相当于继承于ViewGroup。
而ViewGroup继承自View。
而我们最终在屏幕上显示控制的控件如TextView,Button等都直接或间接继承自View。
View中有两个方法参与到Touch事件分发
onDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)和onTouch(MotionEvent event)
ViewGroup有三个方法参与到Touch事件分发
onDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event),onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev),onTouch(MotionEvent event)
当我们手指出门屏幕,手势事件最早被传递到Layout布局的dispatchTouchEvent,即ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
final int action = ev.getAction();
final float xf = ev.getX();
final float yf = ev.getY();
final float scrolledXFloat = xf + mScrollX;
final float scrolledYFloat = yf + mScrollY;
final Rect frame = mTempRect;
boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
if (mMotionTarget != null) {
mMotionTarget = null;
}
if (disallowIntercept || !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN);
final int scrolledXInt = (int) scrolledXFloat;
final int scrolledYInt = (int) scrolledYFloat;
final View[] children = mChildren;
final int count = mChildrenCount;
for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE
|| child.getAnimation() != null) {
child.getHitRect(frame);
if (frame.contains(scrolledXInt, scrolledYInt)) {
final float xc = scrolledXFloat - child.mLeft;
final float yc = scrolledYFloat - child.mTop;
ev.setLocation(xc, yc);
child.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
if (child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
mMotionTarget = child;
return true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
boolean isUpOrCancel = (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) ||
(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
if (isUpOrCancel) {
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
}
final View target = mMotionTarget;
if (target == null) {
ev.setLocation(xf, yf);
if ((mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {
ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
}
return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
if (!disallowIntercept && onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
final float xc = scrolledXFloat - (float) target.mLeft;
final float yc = scrolledYFloat - (float) target.mTop;
mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
ev.setLocation(xc, yc);
if (!target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
}
mMotionTarget = null;
return true;
}
if (isUpOrCancel) {
mMotionTarget = null;
}
final float xc = scrolledXFloat - (float) target.mLeft;
final float yc = scrolledYFloat - (float) target.mTop;
ev.setLocation(xc, yc);
if ((target.mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {
ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
target.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
mMotionTarget = null;
}
return target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
此段代码叫长,挑重点看,第9行,但是ACTION_DOWN事件时,会进入到第13行的判断,第一个参数disallowIntercept是指是否禁用掉事件拦截的功能,默认是false,也可以通过调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法对这个值进行修改。而第二个参数!onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)即是否进行拦截的判断,如果我们不复写这个方法,默认为false,就会进入if判断,并获得点击区域有的view,在第29行将手势事件传递给被点击到的view,如果view的dispatchTouchEvent(ev)返回true,表示手势事件被这个view消费了(view的dispatchTouchEvent后续分析),并把该view置给mMotionTarget后返回true。
这里,正是因为有view消费了ACTION_DOWN事件,使得当后续的ACTION_MOVE ACTION_UP传递到这个ViewGroup的时候,mMotionTarget不为空,使得47行的target不为空,最后都会执行74行的target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev),即ACTION_DOWN事件被哪个view的onTouch或者onTouchEvent返回了true,那么后续的ACTION_MOVE,ACTION_UP事件将会直接传递给这个view执行。(onTouch和onTouchEvent后续分析)
继续分析这个ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent,如果13行的onInterceptTouchEvent被我们复写返回true代表ACTION_DOWN被这个ViewGroup拦截下来,将不会进入if判断,因此mMotionTarget将为null使得target也为null,最后执行了50行的super.dispatchTouchEvent即ViewGroup的父类View的dispatchTouchEvent。并在其中调用onTouch或者onTouchEvent。
如果我们不复写onInterceptTouchEvent让其进入if判断,但如果child的dispatchTouchEvent返回的是false,表示child没有把这个事件消费了,最终也还是调用了50行的super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)。
现在再来看看上面分析中经常说到的View的dispatchTouchEvent
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED &&
mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
return true;
}
return onTouchEvent(event);
}
非常简短的几行代码,是不是比看了ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent轻松多了!
首先先判断mOnTouchListener是否为空,这个mOnTouchListener是啥呢,看下源码就知道了
public void setOnTouchListener(OnTouchListener l) {
mOnTouchListener = l;
}
显然,就是我们设置OnTouchListener的接口实例,并在其中复写了onTouch方法。
if判断的第二个参数用来判断当前view是否是enable为状态。而第三个参数就是我们复写的onTouch方法了,当我们返回了true,这个view的dispatchtouchEvent将返回true,从而使得调用这个dispatchTouchEvent的ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent确定了mMotionTarget,确定了消费了ACTION_DOWN事件的view。
而如果我们没有设置OnTouchEvent接口或者onTouch返回false则调用了onTouchEvent。
继续看下view的onTouchEvent
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
// A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
// events, it just doesn't respond to them.
return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
// take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
// touch mode.
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
if (!focusTaken) {
// Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
// performClick directly. This lets other visual state
// of the view update before click actions start.
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
performClick();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
mPrivateFlags |= PRESSED;
refreshDrawableState();
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
// If the post failed, unpress right now
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
}
mPrivateFlags |= PREPRESSED;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;
refreshDrawableState();
removeTapCallback();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
final int x = (int) event.getX();
final int y = (int) event.getY();
// Be lenient about moving outside of buttons
int slop = mTouchSlop;
if ((x < 0 - slop) || (x >= getWidth() + slop) ||
(y < 0 - slop) || (y >= getHeight() + slop)) {
// Outside button
removeTapCallback();
if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0) {
// Remove any future long press/tap checks
removeLongPressCallback();
// Need to switch from pressed to not pressed
mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;
refreshDrawableState();
}
}
break;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
这段代码同样很长,同样挑重点看。
第14行当这个view是可点击的就会进入if判断,否则直接返回false,因此很有可能这个onTouchEvent的代码如果在第14行进入了if判断,很可能里面会有点击事件的执行。我们往下看,第38行执行ACTION_UP手势时,执行的performClick
public boolean performClick() {
sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
if (mOnClickListener != null) {
playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
return true;
}
return false;
}
没错,performClick确实执行了mOnClickListener.onClikc(this);就是执行我们设置的onClick事件。并且在onTouchEvent的89行返回了true。
在这部分分析中我们也发现了一个小秘密,如果我们复写了onTouchListener中的onTouch让它返回false,这样dispatchTouchEvent将不会执行到onTouchEvent方法,使得onClick事件永远得不到执行。
好了,全部分析完毕,做几点小总结
1、onTouch优先于onTouchEvent执行,且onTouch返回true将不执行onTouchEvent,并导致onTouchEvent里的点击事件得不到执行
2、手势事件从最外部的ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent开始分发,如果onInterceptTouchEvent拦截了该手势事件,即返回true,手势事件将不会往下分发,即不执行view的dispatchTouchEvent,而是让该ViewGroup的的父类dispatchTouchEvent来消费该手势事件。
3、如果View的dispatchTouchEvent消费了ACTION_DOWN事件,即对ACTION_DOWN返回true,后续的的ACTION_MOVE和ACTION_UP将直接被分发到这个view来消费。
最后感谢 Android事件分发机制完全解析,带你从源码的角度彻底理解(上)
Android事件分发机制完全解析,带你从源码的角度彻底理解(下)
两篇文章的作者,我就是在看了这两篇文章后,再看了些资料才了解了android手势分发事件。