【Azure 應用服務】在Azure App Service for Windows 中部署Java/NodeJS/Python項目時，web.config的配置模闆内容

問題描述

在Azure App Service for Windows 中部署web項目時候，需要在wwwroot下設定web.config，對于不同語言的項目，web.config檔案中的httpPlatform子產品内容則有大大的不同。以下内容則為Java，Python， NodeJS語言列出web.config模闆：

Java

方式一： 啟動Jar包的Web.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <add name="httpPlatformHandler" path="*" verb="*" modules="httpPlatformHandler" resourceType="Unspecified" />
    </handlers>
    <httpPlatform processPath="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" stdoutLogEnabled ="true" stdoutLogFile="%home%\LogFiles\stdout"
        arguments="-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dserver.port=%HTTP_PLATFORM_PORT% -jar &quot;%HOME%\site\wwwroot\my-web-project.jar&quot; "  >    
　　 </httpPlatform>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>      

•  stdoutLogEnabled: 為true則會在stdoutLogFile檔案夾中記錄java啟動的日志
•  arguments： 配置jar包的啟動參數，如端口号，jar包路徑，也可以配置utf-8編碼方式，避免亂碼問題。

方式二： 啟動War包的Web.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <system.webServer>
        <handlers>
            <add name="httppPlatformHandler" path="*" verb="*" modules="httpPlatformHandler" resourceType="Unspecified" />
        </handlers>
        
        <httpPlatform processPath="%AZURE_TOMCAT8_HOME%\bin\startup.bat">
        </httpPlatform>
    </system.webServer>
</configuration>      

Python

一：配置 HttpPlatform 處理程式為Python.exe

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <add name="PythonHandler" path="*" verb="*" modules="httpPlatformHandler" resourceType="Unspecified"/>
    </handlers>
    <httpPlatform processPath="D:\home\Python361x64\python.exe"
                  arguments="D:\home\site\wwwroot\runserver.py --port %HTTP_PLATFORM_PORT%"
                  stdoutLogEnabled="true"
                  stdoutLogFile="D:\home\LogFiles\python.log"
                  startupTimeLimit="60"
                  processesPerApplication="16">
      <environmentVariables>
        <environmentVariable name="SERVER_PORT" value="%HTTP_PLATFORM_PORT%" />
      </environmentVariables>
    </httpPlatform>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>      

二：配置 FastCGI 處理程式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="PYTHONPATH" value="D:\home\site\wwwroot"/>
    <!-- The handler here is specific to Bottle; other frameworks vary. -->
    <add key="WSGI_HANDLER" value="app.wsgi_app()"/>
    <add key="WSGI_LOG" value="D:\home\LogFiles\wfastcgi.log"/>
  </appSettings>
  <system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <add name="PythonHandler" path="*" verb="*" modules="FastCgiModule"
           scriptProcessor="D:\home\Python361x64\python.exe|D:\home\Python361x64\wfastcgi.py"
           resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script"/>
    </handlers>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>      

• PYTHONPATH

   的值可以自由擴充，但必須包括你的應用的根目錄。

• WSGI_HANDLER

   必須指向可從你的應用導入的 WSGI 應用。

• WSGI_LOG

   為可選，但建議在調試應用時使用。

NodeJS

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
     This configuration file is required if iisnode is used to run node processes behind
     IIS or IIS Express.  For more information, visit:

     https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config
-->

<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <!-- Visit http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazure/archive/2013/11/14/introduction-to-websockets-on-windows-azure-web-sites.aspx for more information on WebSocket support -->
    <webSocket enabled="false" />
    <handlers>
      <!-- Indicates that the server.js file is a node.js site to be handled by the iisnode module -->
      <add name="iisnode" path="index.js" verb="*" modules="iisnode"/>
    </handlers>
    <rewrite>
      <rules>
        <!-- Do not interfere with requests for node-inspector debugging -->
        <rule name="NodeInspector" patternSyntax="ECMAScript" stopProcessing="true">
          <match url="^index.js\/debug[\/]?" />
        </rule>

        <!-- First we consider whether the incoming URL matches a physical file in the /public folder -->
        <rule name="StaticContent">
          <action type="Rewrite" url="public{REQUEST_URI}"/>
        </rule>

        <!-- All other URLs are mapped to the node.js site entry point -->
        <rule name="DynamicContent">
          <conditions>
            <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="True"/>
          </conditions>
          <action type="Rewrite" url="index.js"/>
        </rule>
      </rules>
    </rewrite>
    
    <!-- 'bin' directory has no special meaning in node.js and apps can be placed in it -->
    <security>
      <requestFiltering>
        <hiddenSegments>
          <remove segment="bin"/>
        </hiddenSegments>
      </requestFiltering>
    </security>

    <!-- Make sure error responses are left untouched -->
    <httpErrors existingResponse="PassThrough" />

    <!--
      You can control how Node is hosted within IIS using the following options:
        * watchedFiles: semi-colon separated list of files that will be watched for changes to restart the server
        * node_env: will be propagated to node as NODE_ENV environment variable
        * debuggingEnabled - controls whether the built-in debugger is enabled

      See https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config for a full list of options
    -->
    <!--<iisnode watchedFiles="web.config;*.js"/>-->
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>      

參考資料

Java sample for Azure App Service: https://github.com/Azure-Samples/app-service-web-java-get-started

将 web.config 設定為指向 Python 解釋器: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/visualstudio/python/managing-python-on-azure-app-service?view=vs-2019

Node.js Hello World: https://github.com/Azure-Samples/nodejs-docs-hello-world

當在複雜的環境中面臨問題，格物之道需：濁而靜之徐清，安以動之徐生。 雲中，恰是如此!