GLOBAL TIMES（環球時報）專訪中國環境科學研究院院長李海生

01 氣候變化是一項全球性挑戰，需要各國在共同但有差別原則下共同應對。将氣候問題政治化的做法，不利于全球氣候合作。

02 任何國家在發展壯大過程中，難免有各種雜音，這個也是“成長”的煩惱。我們隻需保持戰略定力，踏踏實實做好自己的事情，最終世界各國人民還是會給予公正評價的。

03 OECD國家的現代化過程，是過去一百年大約14億人口的現代化過程，大多走過了先污染後治理，再轉嫁的老路。中國14億人口的現代化過程，不可能再去重複OECD國家的老路，因為時代不同了！

04 實作碳達峰、碳中和，我國面臨的壓力比所有OECD38個國家面臨的壓力總和還要大很多。我國有14億人口，與OECD38個國家的人口相當；我國目前人均GDP還不到OECD國家總體人均GDP的三分之一。OECD國家是在發達之後開始去實作碳達峰，而我國是在工業化的過程之中剛剛實作“小康”，去實作碳達峰。

05 我國的碳達峰、碳中和需要比發達國家付出更多的努力和代價，更需要科技創新去擔當，更需要通過科技創新去推動能源、産業、治理理念的綠色革命。我國的環保政策将由超低排放改造轉向開發新能源、采用非化石能源；污染治理更加注重源頭控制與全過程治理，更加注重多污染協同治理，更加關注新污染物控制。

06 我國在實作“雙碳”目标的過程中，面臨着工業化和城鎮化持續推進、區域發展不平衡的壓力，需要統籌考慮能源安全、糧食安全、生态安全、經濟安全以及社會安全等問題。

07 中美應共同打造應對氣候危機的“諾亞方舟”。氣候變化是人類面臨的共同挑戰，關系全人類命運和前途，沒有哪個國家可以獨自解決，必須開展全球行動、全球應對、全球合作。

08 科技無國界，應對全球氣候變化科技更不應該有國界。各國應打破技術壁壘，大力加強環境科技領域的國際交流合作。發達國家要彰顯綠色低碳技術共建共享的責任和擔當，為開發中國家提供資金和技術支援；開發中國家也要以更積極、更開放的态度開展合作。

Climate change is a global challenge that should not be politicized and calls for international collaboration, said the chief at China's top environmental institute, noting that on the way to achieve the country's carbon goals, scientific innovation will face challenges with more efforts and costs.

China's carbon goals have lifted global confidence in confronting climate change, but there are still some Western factions and media outlets that describe China's efforts as a distraction from other issues.

In a recent exclusive interview, Li Haisheng, president of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, told the Global Times that, "The practice of politicizing the climate issue is not conducive to global climate cooperation."

He believes such views do not represent the views of the mainstream of the Western public and governments. "Climate change is a global challenge that requires all countries to work together and cope with it under the common but differentiated principle," Li, also the former director of the Department of International Cooperation in China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) said.

Li believes the voices to be the "growing pains" of China's development. "We need to maintain our strategic determination and focus on our own work steadily. In the end, the world will give us a fair evaluation".

In the process of confronting climate change, developing countries should seek a different way as compared to that taken by developed countries.

Li went further by stating the global greenhouse gas emission in history.

Developed countries first enjoyed the rapid development, and then sought to treatment and transfer pollution after the ecosystem been destructed and the environment been polluted, while developing countries could only take over polluting industries in order to rise from poverty, Li said.

But the whole world has a shared future for all life on earth. He quoted Friedrich Engels as saying, "Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us."

The modernization process of most member states of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) followed the route of "polluting, managing, then transferring." But times have changed. China and other developing countries such as India can no longer follow this model.

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality are not only issues of emission reduction and the environment. Carbon credits involve a right to development, which contains major opportunities and China's strategic consideration of green development, Li said.

To achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the pressure China faces is much greater than that of the 38 OECD countries combined.

China has a population of 1.4 billion, which is equivalent to the population of 38 OECD countries; however, the current per capita GDP of China is less than one third of the OECD countries, Li said.

The pressure comes from continuous industrialization and urbanization, as well as uneven regional development. Energy safety, food safety, ecology and, economic security, as well as social development should also all be comprehensively considered in the process, he noted.

OECD countries began to achieve carbon peaks once they had achieved development, while China has just achieved a "well-off" status in the process of industrialization and has yet to achieve carbon peaks. Moreover, China has only 30 years between carbon peak to carbon neutrality, the shortest in the world.

China declared at the General Debate during the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly that the country aims to hit CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

"In this context, China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality require more effort and cost than developed countries," Li said. "It also requires scientific and technological innovation to promote a 'green revolution' in energy, industry, and governance concepts."

China's environmental protection strategy will shift from ultra-low emission transformation to the development of new energy sources and the use of non-fossil energy; pollution control will pay more attention to source control, whole-process governance, and new pollutants control.

In terms of government management, the legalization work on confronting climate change should be accelerated. Emission reduction should be included into the official assessment system in local regions, along with GDP and other items.

Li also called for exchanges and cooperation in the field of environmental technologies. "Developed countries should show their responsibilities in sharing low-carbon technologies and provide financial and technical supports to developing countries, while developing countries need to embrace the support with a more positive and more open attitude. Science knows no country. Nor does the science and technology that tackle climate change."

China has also helped other developing countries in confronting climate change through the Green Belt and Road Initiative by building up platforms, aiding infrastructural constructions, and maintaining talent.

Talking about the cooperation between China and the US on climate issues, Li urged the two big powers to build a "Noah's Ark" confronting climate change.

China and the United States have carried out fruitful cooperation in response to climate change, of which The US-China Joint Statement Addressing the Climate Crisis released in April is the most recent achievement. "The cooperation in the area will bring more positive signs to China-US relations," Li said.

The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, established in 1978, conducts scientific and international cooperation activities which support the country's overall environmental protection aims. It has 15 research departments, two state key laboratories and nine ministerial laboratories, focusing on the atmosphere, water, soil, and solid waste, ecology, cleaner production, vehicle emission control, environmental engineering, environmental safety, and environmental standards.

記者：單劼

來源：GLOBAL TIMES