Sun Yaorang (1848-1908), a native of Ruian, Zhejiang. The famous master of Pu Xue in the late Qing Dynasty had profound achievements in the fields of primary school, classics, epigraphy, and philology. He is the author of a series of far-reaching scholarly works such as "Zhou Li Zhengyi", "MoziJian Zhen", "QiWen Example", "Gu ZhengYi", "Ancient Yu Theory" and so on. Sun Yirang's outstanding contributions to primary schools are inseparable from his cultivation in terms of edition identification, which can be seen from his identification of the fragments of the Shuowen Jiezi Kibe.
The fragment of the Shuowen Jiezi Mubu was a major discovery by Mo Youzhi, a famous edition expert who was closely related to Sun Yirang at that time. Mo Youzhi (1811-1871), Zi Zi Wei, No. Kwun Ting, Dushan, Guizhou, worked in the version to identify counterfeits. He obtained a total of 188 characters from Zhang Renfa (Zi Lianchen) from Yixian County, Anhui Province, and called himself "this Wuxi Prefecture Lacquer Book", and wrote a volume of "Notes" to cite the deficiencies of the two schools of proofreading, Yan Kejun and Duan Yujue. Mo Youzhi believes that the fragments of the "Mubu" contain the interpretation of the "Zhou Li" and so on, which are rare and rare in a thousand words; the fragments account for only one-fifty-fifth of the whole book of the "Explanation of Words", but if we can widely seek the folk when correcting the "Explanation of Words", and collect a few more documents like "Mubu", we can help correct the errors in the "Explanation of Words". As soon as Mo Youzhi's thesis came out, it immediately received a response from the academic circles. The famous scholar Liu Yusong came to the conclusion that this fragment was published in the fifteenth year of Tang Xianzong yuan and fifteen years (820) by examining the tang dynasty's law of avoidance. (1) Tan Xian also said: "Zi Wei wrote a volume of "Notes on Differences", which proved the group of books, while Duan Ruozhi and Yan Tieqiao's school language were mostly in line with the secret. The Book of Yu Taste of Words was originally defrauded by many people, and this Tang book was only circulated as one in fifty-five of the whole book, and there were so many similarities and differences. Xu Shi's second book is not caught, and there are also those who should use Xu Ben to correct. If you write three words, how can you draw one? It is expected to be eager to learn and think deeply. ”②
In the face of such a text of Hai Nei XuanHe, Sun Yi Rang did not blindly worship. In the third year of Tongzhi (1864), the second year after the publication of Mo's "Notes", sun Yaorang, who was only 17 years old, put forward his own views through carefully editing the fragments of the "Shuowen Jiezi Mubu" that was a secret book of the time. His "Book Dai Tong "Six Books of the Past" (3) said:
The Tang Dynasty "Sayings" quoted in this book are known to the small scholars of the present rule. Near the Dushan Moshi Yuzhi got half of the Tang Ben "Shuowen" Wood Department, and the school published it. The two cores of the Tang Dynasty quoted by the Wood Department of this book do not fit. (In this book, the wooden chair character annotation, Tang Ben and Mo Ben stop bamboo leather one button, the instrument character annotation Tang Ben "Shuowen" or said that the inner sheng is a tool, and the outer sheng is a weapon.) Mo Ben made a sheng as a weapon, and no sheng as a weapon. Friend Wang Maocai Zongyi of Shexian County: This is a forgery of a small scholar in his hometown, and his person is still aware of it. Mo can identify ancient books, but it is deceived, and it is delicious (laughs) also. Scholars who are close to the world will be able to change the poetry book according to it, and the scholars who believe in the world will change the poetry book accordingly. (Sun Yi let himself note: Mo Ben has eighteen lines per leaf, and each line is written up and down with two texts, and the lines are very different from the two Xu.) The Tang Dynasty character book is not visible today, but the stone carvings of the "Five Classics Text" and "Nine Classics" are not evenly arranged, which is enough to verify that the Tang and Song characters are not far apart. At the end of the Mo Ben volume is attached to mi youran appraisal, saying that the seal law says that the text is six. Case: Tang Ben in the Song Dynasty and the present Ming Dynasty, is not a unique thing, the Xu Book Tang Ben is complete, there is a circulation in his fashion, How to have the remnants of six papers, The Secret House, and the Identification of the Word Minister, which is obviously a forgery, Mo Shi does not detect it. ）
This was Sun Yaorang's first public criticism of the fragments of the Shuwen Mubu. He believes that the fragments are inconsistent with the contents of the real Tang ben "Mubu" quoted in Dai Tong's "Six Books" of the Yuan Dynasty, and that his friend Wang Zongyi also knew the forgers of the fragments, and that the inscriptions after the scrolls were also possible to be forged, so the so-called "Tang Manuscripts" were undoubtedly a temporary forgery in Sun Yirang's view.
Later, Sun Yi Rang had another criticism of the fragments of the Shuowen Mubu, which now exists under the "Ironical Records of the Remains of Shuk" compiled and published by Mr. Shirk. According to Mr. Shirk, who has been sorting out Sun Yirang's posthumous works for many years, "'Satire Yulu' was composed about five years after Tongzhi (1866) and was the work of Sun Yirang when he was 19 years old. (4) Among them, "Tang Wrote the "Shuowen Mubu" (說文木部) "曰:
Dushan Moshi Youzhi De Tang wrote the "Shuowen Mubu" in Anhui Zhong, Yizheng Liu Shi Yu Song examination as Yuan he Shiren book, during which there were people who lost their way between Tang And, Liu Shi also proved to be a clerical error according to the Tang inscription, and its original goodness was different from xu, and it was secretly in line with Duan Zhu and Yan Discussion. Mo Shi published both for the shadow and proofread his text as a volume of "Notes". The seinoji elementary scholar was surprised by the secret book, and the remaining thieves were suspicious. The second Xu Ben only has the first character jump book, the Yu wen is all with the complexity and simplicity of the annotations, and the Tang Ben is arranged in the number of words, each leaf must be thirty-six texts, divided into two columns, which is completely different from the Two Xu Ben. Or the increase in the number of Xu Notes, the current paragraph of the bank, or its change. However, if the Song carved character books are all like the "Jade Chapter" and "Similar Chapters", even the Tang Stone Inscriptions of the Five Classics Text and the Nine Classics Are the same, it is the Second Xu Gu that can not be said to be non-Xu Shu old style.
At the end of the chapter, there is Mi Youren Pa Er XingYun: "The Right Tang Dynasty Book Seal Law "Shuowen" six papers, Chen Mi Youren appraisal Gong Bao. Mo Jun thought that in the early Southern Song Dynasty, he had entered the secret palace, and after being identified by Yuan Hui, there was still Shaoxing Xiaoxi in the crack. This is the most suspicious. Gai Tang Benzhi in the Song Dynasty, Judah Zhiming written ben'er, although there are few circulations, it is not a unique thing, so after the southern crossing, Chao and Chen bibliographies still have bibliographies, and at this time, the inner government has stored a lot of them. And Xu Shu Tang Banknote, Beijing Fashion has a full body, Chao Yi Dao Jude remembers its different texts, this six leaves, in the end of the book forty-four, is not a well-known person's book, and the Tang book is there, and if it is not the "Wenguan Cilin" (see "Zhongxingguan Pavilion Record"), "Wen Si Bo Jiao" (see "Cloud Smoke Passing Eye Record") The remnants of the books are only the survivors, why are they also included, boarded in the secret cabinet, and the fate of the word minister to identify it? However, the true falsification of Tang Ben is not determined. (Song Dynasty law books, famous paintings and secret books, all of which were sent down to the secretary province, and the Records of the Zhongxing Pavilion contained in great detail, nor did the Tang Dynasty "Shuowen" also.) ）
It can be said that Sun Yi made this time's opinion more detailed than the first time, and his speech was much more objective and meticulous. We believe that Sun Yirang's research is reasonable and very convincing. Moreover, this kind of academic attitude of daring to question and dare to challenge authority is also invaluable.
Because Zhang Wenhu, who was in the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, was also a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, he often handed over with Sun Yiyan, the father of Sun Yiyan (a proud disciple of Zeng Guofan and had served as a political envoy in jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces), and the two often participated in the literati yahui together, which was recorded in his book "Shu Yi Room Poetry Cun". Wen Yue: Shi Mo Youzhi wrote half of the fragment of the "Shuowen Mubu" by Tang, wrote a letter from himself, Zeng Guofan ordered it to be published in the world, Yang Jianshan, and Zhang Wenhu proofread it. Sun Yao made him suspicious, and there was a book to write about it. (Li Haiying)
exegesis
(1) Zhang Qiyun, "Speaking of the Origin and Flow of Literature", 213 pp., Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1998
(2) Tan Xian, "Futang Diary, Bingyin (1866)", Hebei Education Publishing House, 2001
(3) Sun Yi rang the Wenzhou Classics, Volume VII
(4) Xue Ke's collection of "Compilation of The Remains of Shu Kuo", 144 pages, Qilu Book Society, 1987