Daily Man - Sun Yao Rang, sutra master, patriot and famous educator Sun Yi Rang

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Basic definition

In ancient times, the instrument that measured Hou Dao during the great shooting was six feet long.

"Zhou Li Xia Guan Shooter": "If the king shoots a big shot, then he will follow the steps of Zhang Sanhou." Zheng Xuan's note: "Gong, the one who is good at fighting, the action is stopped and the degree is planned, and its development will be obtained, and it is also the measure of the Hou Dao Fa." Those who are hou Dao, each with a bow as a degree. Ninety bows for those with nine knots, seventy bows for those with seven knots, and fifty bows for those with five knots; under the bow, they are made to be six feet long. Sun Yao let justice: "It is said that this measure of the Hou Dao is the instrument, that is, the step of the six feet of the degree of the wild." "Ritual Rituals and Great Shooting": "Sima Ordered the Measure of The Hou Dao and the Lack of Steps." Zheng Xuan's note: "Every person who lifts his feet, facing the distance and proximity, is to measure the Hou Dao to take the elephant... The Record of Examination Workers says: 'Under the bow, make six feet.' Then this step is six feet clear. ”

Sun Yirang (16 September 1848 – 20 June 1908), courtesy name Xiaosu, also known as Dehan ,字仲容,alias 籀庼), was a native of Rui'an, Zhejiang. A master of late Qing classics in China, a patriot and a famous educator. Together with Yu Fan and Huang Yizhou, he was called the Third Gentleman of the Late Qing Dynasty. He is known as the "Late Qing Dynasty Classics AndHahaha" and "Master of Pu Xue", and Zhang Taiyan called him "three hundred years of peerless double".

Tongzhi six years of raising people, the five should be tested failed. The chief of the Official Punishment Department, who has returned to the revolution, specializes in academics, specializes in ancient studies for forty years, integrates old theories, proofreads ancient books, and writes more than 30 kinds of books.

His book "Zhou Li Zhengyi" was exhausted by his life's mental efforts and was an outstanding work in the Qing Dynasty. The Ink Zi Jian Jian is also an authoritative work of ink injection. The "Qiwen Example" is the pioneering work of the Oracle. The Wenzhou Classics are known as "the ancestors of the art and literature of the county of Huizhi in the modern world". Twenty volumes of the "Annotations on the Concise Catalogue of the Four Libraries" and the two volumes of the "Four Parts" are monographs on the bibliographic versionology.

Sun Yi Jean

Educational thought

Sun Yi rang advocated universal education. In his draft of the "Law on the Management of Provisional Schools in the Wen Department's Academic Affairs Branch", it was proposed: "Whether the wisdom of the people is foolish or not is related to the strength and weakness of the country. Primary schools should have been set up everywhere, so that there would be no one who could learn, and no one who could learn at home." Universal education, in turn, should begin with officials. He proposed that "if there is no uneducated people in the whole country, we must first seek no uneducated officials." He proposed that the Qing government explicitly stipulate that outside of ten years, those who are not graduates of the Beijing Normal University cannot be prefects; those who have not graduated from secondary schools or above in various provinces cannot be prefectures and counties. Within ten years, due to the limited number of places in the Beijing Normal University hall and the middle schools in various provinces, this requirement could not be met for a while, and a workaround could be adopted, that is, to open a "simple school for the administration of officials" and let officials receive a new type of education through short-term further training.

Sun Yaorang also attaches importance to teacher education and the construction of the teaching team. He believes that "to promote the school without setting up a teacher first, it is like cultivating without a trace, and harvesting in peace." "Most of the teachers in the Western Kingdom are from teacher training backgrounds, so they are confident." Sun Yirang believes that "the goodness of school education, because of the personality of the teachers, the teachers' every move, every word is printed in the children's brains, and their influence has never been extinguished." Therefore, he put forward specific requirements for the quality of teachers. First, teachers must love education. Second, teachers must have rich knowledge of science and technology culture. Third, teachers must also master the knowledge of pedagogy and psychology. Fourth, teachers must have scientific research ability. Fifth, teachers should have a healthy body.

With his outstanding contributions to educational activities and unique insights in educational thought, Sun Yirang won the unanimous admiration of the educational circles in the late Qing Dynasty and occupied an important position in the history of modern education. His main educational ideas and views are:

(1) Establish vocational schools and seek education to save the country. In the more than ten years from the beginning of the preparation of the school in the winter of 1895 to his death in the summer of 1908, through his vigorous advocacy and painstaking management, the number of schools at all levels in the sixteen counties of the two provinces and the wen prefecture developed to more than 300, ranking first in the province. This has provided a solid cultural foundation for the development of various schools at all levels, especially vocational colleges, in Wenzhou.

(2) Pay attention to the application of learning, and cultivate talents. The purpose of Sun Yaorang's school is to cultivate talents who "meet the needs of the times" and "revitalize the world and save the evils" and make the country rich and strong. He believes that the civilization of the Western powers is strong in the popularization of their education and the development of science, and we must "learn from each other to control the development of science." He advocated the establishment of a new-style school, the establishment of a bureau of affairs, the mining of hardware and coal, and the great development of nongsang. It is proposed to send overseas students to study Western studies, learn subjects such as machine manufacturing and agricultural mineralization and electricity, and also open schools and schools in various states, counties and townships, teach agricultural and industrial workers to read and calculate accounts, and develop people's wisdom. He attached great importance to the teaching of practical knowledge, and the Wen branch office he presided over was different from the "Statutes of the Songding Academy" promulgated by the Qing government in formulating the curriculum, deleting the teachings, changing Chinese literature to Chinese language, using self-compiled local teaching materials for historical geography, and combining Chinese and foreign political history and current affairs commentaries. A Chinese lesson was also added to learn and promote Mandarin.

(3) Advocate the popularization of education and pay attention to educational equity. In the first month of 1902, the Ruian Ordinary School, which was established by the merger of the Xuejiguan and the Dialect Hall, opened its doors, and set up a Mengxuetang in the southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest corners of Ruian County. He believes that the general knowledge of the people must always be equalized by everyone in order to work together to seek the progress of civilization. In order to popularize national education, he also proposed that "the people of the whole country, and the children who do not enter the school are punished" and "Shu Putian leads the soil, and he knows that it is necessary to study for a long time." He also formulated and tried to implement the "Measures for The Discretionary Establishment of Free or Reduced Fee Enrollment Quotas for Children of Poor Peasant Families in Rural Primary Schools", and put forward such propositions as "the father and brother of outstanding students from lower households" and "setting up female degrees to reward female students", so as to promote the enrolment of some children and girls of poor peasant families.

(4) Attach importance to personality education and optimize the teaching staff. In the process of popularizing education, Sun Yirang put forward that "the way of education, not only wants to integrate various disciplines to cast the people, we must not hang a single grid, and give preferential treatment to mediocre people", pay attention to "sports, intellectual education, and moral education must be really evolved", he believes that "to create personality, for the uniqueism of Chinese and foreign education." In view of the actual situation of the school at that time, a special character lesson was set up, and the scores were recorded with other subjects. In moral education, we attach importance to the role of teachers, requiring teachers to teach themselves, "if the personality of teachers is what it is, cover every move of teachers, every word is printed in the minds of children, and their influence has immortals." In order to run the school well and develop the local education cause, he chose to hire well-known gentry who were enthusiastic about education and had real talents and practical learning to preside over school affairs and take up educational management positions, and hired outstanding teaching positions to teach at the school. In order to cultivate qualified teachers, especially to solve the dilemma of the shortage of qualified physical and chemical teachers, he was determined to build a Wenzhou Senior Normal School. In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), the Wenzhou Normal School was built, which set a pioneering banner for Wenzhou's education.

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