Fully charged in 10 minutes!A new breakthrough in Harvard solid-state batteries

Solid-state batteries ushered in a new breakthrough in technology.

It only takes 10 minutes to fully charge.

And after 6,000 times of charge and discharge cycles, the effective capacity of the battery is still 80%, which is better than any pouch battery on the market.

This new technology was developed by a team from Harvard, and the paper has been published in Nature Material.

What kind of solid-state battery

At present, the common lithium-ion battery, the negative electrode is mostly graphite material, the advantage is that the process is mature and widely used, but the disadvantage is that the theoretical specific capacity is not high, which is 372mAh/g, and it will probably be lower after commercialization.

This is why today's lithium-ion batteries, especially liquid lithium-ion batteries, often have an upper limit if they want to increase energy density and mileage.

Therefore, solid-state batteries with higher energy density have always been considered to be the ultimate form of lithium-ion batteries, which is the direction of the current industry development.

A popular anode material for solid-state batteries is lithium, with a theoretical specific capacity of up to 3860mAh/g and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04V), which can absorb and release electrons more efficiently, and can also correspond to a wider range of cathode materials.

Silicon, another anode material, although the energy specific capacity is higher (4200mAh/g), will produce drastic volume changes during charging and discharging, which can easily lead to battery failure.

However, one of the biggest problems with the use of lithium electrons as the negative electrode is lithium dendrites, which are also the culprits of serious consequences such as battery short-circuit failure and thermal runaway.

Although solid-state batteries use solid-state electrolytes, which have a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of lithium dendrites, the inhibition effects of various solid-state electrolytes are different, and what kind of solid-state electrolyte is the optimal solution is still inconclusive.

In addition, what kind of solid-state electrolyte to use is also one of the popular research directions of solid-state batteries.

In response, the Harvard team on the paper used a unique approach: adding a protective layer of a composite material formed by micron-sized silicon elements (Si) and graphite (G) to the lithium metal anode, resulting in a solid-state battery with better performance.

The team used nickel-cobalt-manganese (NMC83) and lithium metal protected by SiG composites to fabricate a solid-state battery pack with a size of 28 x 35 square millimeters, which is much larger than the size of a typical coin cell battery used in the laboratory (about 10-20 times).

At an operating pressure of 25MPa, the solid-state battery is cycled at a charge and discharge rate of 5C, with an initial capacity of 125mAh/g.

As shown in the figure, the capacity retention rate is 92% after 2000 charge-discharge cycles, 88% after 3000 cycles, and 80% after 6000 cycles, which is better than other pouch batteries on the market.

In addition, without considering the pressure clamp, the energy density of the pouch battery has reached 218Wh/kg, which exceeds the energy density of most mainstream lithium-ion batteries.

In addition, the authors of the paper say that in the future, the energy density can be further improved by reducing the thickness of the separator, reducing the working pressure, and increasing the cathode load.

These data have fully demonstrated the high performance of the solid-state battery pack after the addition of the SiG composite.

In fact, it is nothing new to implant an artificial solid-state electrolyte interface layer (SEI) in solid-state batteries to improve the performance of solid-state batteries, so why can such SiG materials achieve a performance breakthrough?

Material key: micron-sized silicon particles

As we all know, the process of charging and discharging lithium-ion batteries is the process of repeatedly gaining and losing lithium ions (or embedding and de-intercalation) of lithium ions from the battery anode.

In other words, how to plate or strip lithium on the battery anode quickly, uniformly and stably is the key to whether the battery can be commercialized.

In the course of the experiment, the team found that adding a composite material composed of micron-sized silicon to the anode lithium could meet this requirement.

Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the paper found that during battery cycling, lithium ions only react with shallow silicon:

At the same time, the shape of the silicon particles has not changed significantly:

This means that micron-sized silicon particles do not swell due to silicification, which inhibits lithiation, nor does it provide an environment conducive to the growth of lithium dendrites, or inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites.

In addition, in this material, the silicon-graphite layer provides an active 3D scaffold, and the void area between the particles is conducive to the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, which can effectively improve the electrode capacity and further improve the overall capacity of the battery.

The authors of the paper used a sulfide electrolyte and a solid-state battery made of lithium metal protected by SiG composites, which has a discharge capacity of 5600mAh/G, which is much higher than the theoretical capacity of 4200mAh/G.

And because the plating and stripping of lithium-ions can occur quickly on a flat silicon surface, the battery can be fully charged in about 10 minutes.

In addition, a new measure of the lithiation reaction of materials is proposed: lithiation composition per unit of effective modulus (Keff).

The paper points out that each material has a corresponding critical modulus, beyond which the lithiation reaction is effectively inhibited. Therefore, in the material selection of solid-state batteries, the one with a lower critical modulus can be chosen.

The authors analysed 59,524 material entries and found that in addition to silicon, silver and magnesium alloys are promising anode materials.

About the author

The team of this paper is an all-Chinese class, and the five authors are all from the Li Xin lab at the John Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science at Harvard University.

其中Ye Luhan和Lu Yang对本文作出同等贡献。

Ye Luhan received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 2022, with research interests in solid-state batteries, lithium metal anodes, and electrochemistry.

Lu Yang also received his Postgraduate Degree in Materials Engineering from Harvard University in 2022, where he also worked as a research assistant.

Lu Yang graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology with a bachelor's degree in electronic packaging technology, and his master's and doctoral degrees were studied at Washington University in St. Louis, majoring in electrical engineering and materials science and engineering, respectively.

The third author, Wang Yichao, graduated from Tsinghua University with a bachelor's degree in materials science in 2017 and received his Ph.D. in materials science from Harvard in 2022, and is now a research assistant at Harvard University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

The fourth author, Li Jianyuan, is a visiting scholar in Li Xin's lab.

The corresponding author of this paper, Li Xin, is currently an associate professor of materials science at Harvard and a principal investigator in the lab.

Li Xin received her 2003 Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Nanjing University, Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering, and worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Caltech and MIT.

Li Xin joined Harvard in 2015 and later established Li Xin's lab, which previously developed a solid-state battery with a life cycle of 10,000 cycles and a 3-minute full charge.

In 2021, Li Xin co-founded Adden Energy with Ye Luhan, one of the authors of this article, focusing on promoting the mass production of laboratory results.

目前,Ye Luhan是Adden Energy的CTO,Lu Yang是Adden Energy的聚合物与电池科学家。

The above-mentioned SiG material technology has also been licensed to Adden Energy to promote the mass production of this technology. According to Li Xin, the company has scaled up the technology to be able to create pouch batteries the size of smartphones.

For this new technological breakthrough, some netizens said that it was very good. He believes that this is moving in the right direction, and that the range of the battery is not so important, and the charging time is the key.

However, some netizens pointed out that such a short charging time means higher charging power.

For example, to fully charge a 100 kWh battery in 5 minutes, 1.2 MW of charging power is required, not including circuit losses, and the current charging infrastructure cannot meet such needs, so a slow charging station with a photovoltaic installation is a better solution.

What do you think about this technology, and will it be able to change the power battery industry in the future?

— END —

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.85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){-appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{ background-color:#111}}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, .. 05);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: #fff;--weui-FG-0: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, .4 15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-YELLOW: #ffc300;--weui-GREEN: #91d300;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #95ec69;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: #fff;--weui-FG-0: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-YELLOW: #ffc300;--weui-GREEN: #91d300;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #95ec69;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body: not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, ..1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .126)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--APPMSGCARD-BG: #1E1E1E}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--APPMSGCARD-LINE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .07)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #373737}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([ data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, ..1);-weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, ..1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .. 6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .. 6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}h1,h2, h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400; font-size:16px}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-input-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}*{margin:0; padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important; box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important; word-wrap:break-word!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){{filter:brightness(.8)}}

div.autoTypeSetting24psection > p,div.autoTypeSetting24psection > section{margin-bottom: 24px;}