Author:Gao Jiusi New technology for fruit tree plantingTime:2024-06-25 11:10:48
(1) The topping is too light or the topping is not sustainable: Some fruit farmers think that topping is to remove the new growth point, and only gently pluck the branches on the back branches by hand, so that many multi-headed branches are formed. There are also some fruit farmers who have the correct topping parts, but only 1 topping. Standardized topping method: when the length of the dorsal branch is 15~20 cm, remove the upper branch tip at a distance of 5~7 leaves from the base, observe it every 1 week to see if it stops growing, if it does not stop growing, it can be continuously topped 2~3 times until it stops growing, and the bud below the topping part should be erased in time to avoid multi-headed branches.
(2) Blind circumcision (stripping), the object of circumferential cutting (stripping) is not clear: one is to circumferentially cut (peel) the tree with weak tree potential without looking at the tree potential. The second is to circumferentially cut (peel) too much dwarf and short-branched fruit trees, which greatly weakens their tree potential. Third, regardless of the age of the tree, the young trees of 1~2 years old and the older trees of more than 15 years are also circumcised (peeled). Fourth, without looking at the size of the year, the fruiting large year trees are not circumcised (peeled), but the fruiting small years are extremely heavily circumcised (peeled), which makes the situation of the large and small years more serious.
The above phenomenon may have achieved the goal of flowering the tree, while the tree weakened too quickly. The object of circumferential cutting (peeling) should be the tree tree that grows too strongly and does not hang fruit, and its age is 5~15 years old and there is no orchard with large rot disease in the surrounding orchard.
(3) Twisted tips in bunches, no layer: some fruit farmers twist all the tips regardless of how many branches on their backs, which not only increases the amount of branches, but also affects the light. In the place where the space on the back is large, when the new shoots grow to 35 cm, twist the tips in the semi-lignified part (5~8 cm down from the top center), so that the advantages on the back can be fully used to flower and bear fruit, and do not affect the light. The same main branch should not be too many twisted tips, should be according to the size of the tree 3~5 twisted tips, the rest should be all thinned. After twisting, the base is easy to pull out new erect branches, and the buds should be wiped or thinned in time.
(4) Improper handling of the fruit table sub-tips: some fruit farmers cut off the fruit table sub-shoots, some top, and some simply remove them. These practices violate the law of nearby supply of nutrients, resulting in less nutrients around the fruit, which affects the expansion of the fruit. Correct approach: For varieties with serious flower and fruit fall, 6~7 leaves can be left for light topping when the length of the secondary tip of the fruit platform is 20~25 cm. For large-fruited varieties such as red Fuji, it is necessary to protect and make good use of the fruit table and secondary shoots.
(5) Thinning shoots too early and too heavy: many fruit farmers thin a large number of new shoots after fruit setting of fruit trees, so that the flower shadow coefficient under the tree exceeds 40%, which not only causes the leaves to stop growing early into flower branches to germinate and grow again, affecting the formation of flower buds, but also reduces the formation of photosynthetic products due to the thinning of a large number of leaves, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of the tree. The correct approach is: the spring shoots should stop the growth period from late May to early June, and the rings should be properly peeled according to the condition of the tree, and then the shoots should be thinned after a week, so that the sunlight can be fully used to produce nutrients, and it will not promote the emergence of sprouts and affect the formation of flower buds. The number of thinned shoots should be based on the projection area under the tree, and the shadow coefficient of the flowers after thinning the shoots should generally be kept at about 30%. The objects of thinning are the heads of more than two branches on the periphery, the thin branches with too dense inner chambers, the long branches on the back and the cut edge, the competing branches on the branch group, and the branches without space for growth.
(6) Unscientific pulling of branches and opening of corners: Many fruit farmers pull branches and open corners of fruit trees in spring, resulting in strips on their backs and poor flowering effect. For new shoots that have a bad angle and need to be used, they should be picked up when they are semi-lignified; The main side branches with small angles should be opened in autumn to prevent strips from popping up on the back.
(7) Excessive stubbing: Excessive stubbing (heavy topping) will promote the regrowth of branches, resulting in worse light transmission and poor flowering effect. In the production, less stubbing (heavy topping) should be used, but only after thinning the branches and fear that the branch group can not become flowering branches for stubbing, and then remove 3~5 leaves after stubbing.
(8) Shearing and sawing are not sterilized: the epidemic of rot disease and dry rot has a lot to do with scissors, saws and other germs. Correct method: After sawing off rot disease or dry rot branches, the pruning tools should be burned and sterilized immediately; The cutting saw edge should also be treated in time, and the cut saw edge can be coated with oil mixed with 1/15 methyl tobuzin pure powder or sulfur powder.