No matter how brief the history textbook is, there are two Shaoyang people who must be included, that is, Wei Yuan and Cai Yi. Many years ago, I went up to Yuelu Mountain for the first time to visit Cai Yi's tomb, solemnly composed a poem of oil, and remember the first two sentences: In the past, Sangzi heard the name of the order, and today I visit Cai's tomb. He was a model for the military, but his influence transcended military boundaries, times, and geographies. After Cai Yi's death, Cai's family lived under the aura of the founder of the Xinhai Revolution and the general who protected the country, and received the care of the state and society, and was also focused on by people from all walks of life.
"Reverse production" with confiscated insurance
In the second half of 1926, already the tenth anniversary of Cai Yi's death, the situation in Xiang Province changed drastically, which naturally affected the Cai family who settled in Changsha. Along with the Development of the Northern Expedition War and the Peasant Movement, the Hunan Province Movement to Reclaim Consular Jurisdiction from the Concessions, and the Anti-Warlord and Punishment of Old Bureaucrats and Gentlemen Movements were unprecedented; the provincial government successively promulgated the "Provisional Regulations of Hunan Province on Punishing Local Tycoons and Inferior Gentry" and the "Provisional Regulations on Punishing Corrupt Officials and Corrupt Officials in Hunan Province.", set up special courts, and an investigation committee for anti-production, and the campaign to seal and confiscate the anti-production campaign spread throughout the province. On January 19, 1927, the Hunan "Ta Kung Pao" published three houses seized by the Reverse Production Cleanup Committee, one of which was owned by Tang Wei: "Tang Wei originally had a residential building, on the side of Renshu Hospital in Dadongmao Lane. A few days ago, at the request of the Mining Trade Union, it was allocated as the site of the Association, and it was sealed by the Provincial Federation of Trade Unions and the Anti-Production Liquidation Committee. Counting one dwelling, more than 600 pieces of goods, all confiscated. However, there were more than 200 pieces in it, which belonged to the four families of the forward tenants, including Luo Qian, Zuo Qi, Li Zemin, and Yue Yang. ”
It can accommodate four families to rent, and it is also suitable for the provincial mining union, which is obviously a large-scale property. It was this house that was seized as a reverse property involved the Cai family. Tang Wei and Cai Yi were classmates of the same village, together taught under the Famous Scholar Fan Cone Gate in Shaoyang, and then studied in Japan, and later served as Cai E's secretary for a long time, was one of the attachés who escorted Cai E to Japan for medical treatment, and from July 1923 served as the director of the Provincial Department of Finance and the president of the Provincial Council. The Tang family and the Cai family have a close relationship and have been in constant contact. Four days later, the Hunan "Ta Kung Pao" published the news: "Tang Wei's residence has been filled, and it has been reported to the front." Yesterday, Mr. Cai Songpo's son, the Duansheng brothers, sent a telegram, which is slightly called the house at No. 31, Dadongmao Lane, although it is a Tang building, and the rights have long been transferred to the Qu family, and several kinds of evidence have been listed together, and they have petitioned the provincial party department and the provincial government to withdraw the fate to maintain the private property cloud. ”
Yuelu Mountain Cai Yi Tomb
Five days after the Cai family was electrified, Tang Shengzhi, who was on the front line of the Northern Expedition in Hubei Province, sent a telegram to Xiangxiang, requiring all organs and units to make a detailed list of movable and immovable property, and who kept and lived in the vicinity, and send it to the headquarters for handling. The Provincial Committee for The Liquidation of Reverse Production also met on the same day to clarify the four types of owners who fell within the scope of reverse production: A, renegades, such as Xie Wenbing, Hong Zhaolin, and Li Yunfu; B, those who brutally killed the peasants and workers, such as Li Ruxian and Huang Zaoqi; C, warlords, such as Zhao Hengti and Ye Kaixin; and Ding, those who colluded with Beiyang warlords, such as Ge Hao, Zou Yaoren, Tang Jingbai, Zhang Shizhao, and Fu Dingyi.
This should be the response of the Xiang provincial authorities to the Cai family's telegram and submission, and it is also the result of Tang Shengzhi's comprehensive consideration. As the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expeditionary Army in Xiang Province, the chairman of the provincial government, and the first speaker of xiang province during the war, Tang Shengzhi had to weigh the consequences of the seizure of anti-production involving Cai Yi, the founder of the protection of the country, and on the other hand, to prevent the expansion and uncontrollability of the seizure operation. At that time, Cai Yi's old days had many outstanding influences in Xiang Province and even the whole country, such as Xiong Xiling, Tan Yanmin, Liang Qichao, Fan Yuanlian, Zeng Jiwu, who was a member of the provincial government, and Yuan Jiapu, who was the director of the Provincial Middle Road Highway Bureau.
A few days later, Hunan's "Ta Kung Pao" also announced a batch of reverse production that should be confiscated after the review of the Provincial Reverse Property Clearance Office, some of which were suspended for implementation, and some of which were immediately confiscated, but never involved the Cai family and the Tang family, and this place was almost confiscated as a property confiscated as a reverse property.
The contents of the cai duansheng brothers' electrification and specific evidence cannot be found today, but there are two possibilities for this property. First, as the Cai family said, the real estate was originally a Tang Dynasty building, but various rights have been transferred to the Cai family's name, which naturally does not belong to the reverse production, which is a misunderstanding and has been corrected in time. Second, the real estate does belong to Tang Wei, which is favored by the provincial mining trade union, and intends to allocate a meeting site for reverse production through reporting, and the provincial federation of trade unions plans to actively promote it, and the Cai family comes forward to help in the spirit of family friendship to safeguard the rights and interests of the Tang family. In either case, the property was saved from being confiscated as a reverse property, and it was inseparable from the protection of General Cai Yi's good reputation.
Five years later, Cai Yi's mother, Mrs. Wang, died in the apartment of No. 1 ZhangshuYuan in Swantang, outside the south gate of Changsha City, and because of the small size of the house, the condolences were once moved to Zhongshan Hall. According to the newspaper at the time, the Cai family was very poor and had little property, only a small house in No. 1 ZhangshuYuan, SwanTang, outside the South Gate, and did not mention the large property that could accommodate four families in Dadongmao Lane. No information on the transfer of titles was also available during this period. From this point of view, the cai family was very likely to provide friendship assistance to the Tang family at the beginning.
Looming property disputes
Although Cai Yi was in a high position before his death, he was not good at wealth, let alone amassed wealth, so he had no surplus wealth, and after his death, he "only had the property of the Middle Man (the annual rent was only ten stones)". After Yuan Shikai's fall, the provincial government returned the 20,000 yuan of shares of Huachang Mining Company confiscated by Yuan Shikai to the Cai family. At the beginning of 1917, Liang Qichao and others launched the Cai Yi Relics Correction association, and the military and political authorities also vigorously supported and raised a lot of assets. Cai E's eldest brother Cai Songyuan studied in Japan and served as the director of the Hunan Mint Branch; the second brother Cai Songyuan (Cai Zhong) is studying in the United States, and was applied by the provincial government and approved by the Ministry of Education to be a supplementary official student. According to normal estimates, there is no problem with the living expenses and education expenses of the Cai family's widows, and the employment opportunities for adults are also guaranteed. However, on February 8, 1930, the Hunan "Ta Kung Pao" suddenly published the "Cai Liu Xia Zhen Notice" in a prominent position: "The Initiator, the Cai Family's Industrial Department sent as a family education fee after the death of the former husband, is now managed by Xia Zhen. All renting and selling mortgages for houses surnamed Cai in the field will not take effect unless Xia Zhen personally handles them. Whoever is in the family is not responsible for the debts owed outside without the recognition of Chia-chastity. I hereby declare that we hope that all walks of life will pay attention to it. Cai Liu Xia Zhen Zhen Qi. ”
The notice was published until February 17 and was once prominently placed on the front page. The short few lines of text reveal a lot of information and are also intriguing. Whether it is aimed at outsiders or family members, even if it is interpreted as a precautionary warning, it also clearly tells the world that in terms of fields, houses and debts, hidden dangers and disharmony have arisen in the upper class of the Republic of China. It can be seen that Mrs. Cai, Liu Xiazhen, is good at using the media and also has a strong sense of legal rights protection, but after all, it cannot hide the negative impact of the incident.
General Cai Yi's family photo
Then, on March 31 of that year, Hunan's "National Daily" published a social news "Mrs. Songpo Please Strictly Investigate the Evil Tenants": "Liu Xiazhen, the wife of Cai Songpo, yesterday presented the East Third Branch and the Public Security Bureau Cloud: Songpo, the former general of the Thief Clan, left behind a house no. 26 in Wujiajing, The Eastern District, which was originally a place where his family lived. Since the tenth year of the Republic of China, the children have studied in Shanghai, and the family feels the pain of isolation, and all the people who have traveled to Shanghai are temporarily tenants of Liu Jiawen in the house. The tenant agreement did not include the words of opening a business name and limiting the tenant for a certain number of years, and as usual, the resignation was not different. Since the seventeenth year, the whole family returned to the province, needed to live in a house for themselves, and repeatedly urged the tenant to relocate, and has so far ignored it. The yishi people are weak and weak, and it seems that they can be deceived. As a last resort, in addition to submitting it to the Changsha Municipal Public Security Bureau, Li He reported to your firm to find out the situation of the tenant Liu Jiawen's bullying and relocated within a time limit. I can't help but pray. ”
Unscrupulous businessmen are mercenary, bullying others, and bullying the heads of the remnants of the defending generals, which is undoubtedly a news theme that makes people indignant, and the follow-up development is expected. However, three days later, Hunan's "National Daily" published a brief correction in the corner of a very inconspicuous page: "The thirty-first Japanese column of the previous month published Mrs. Songpa's request to investigate the evil tenant, and according to yesterday's letter statement, the facts are very different, and hereby corrected." Three days later, the advertising column of Hunan 'Minguo Ribao' published a longer-text notice entitled "What is Liu Jiawen's Evil Tenant": "On March 31, the social news column of "National Daily" and "Zhongshan Daily" contained a section on Songpo's wife Liu Xiazhen asking for a section on evil tenants. Because cai jiyangtang managed the wujiajing no. 26 house, in the fifteenth and sixteenth years of the Republic of China, Zhang Yongding opened the Yongkang business number, and in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, Zhang Ding and Wen, so far it has not been two years, and Cai Jiyangtang has not been discussed for retiring. The owner of the church, Cai Songyuan (i.e., Songpo's brother), was ordered by the Changsha District Court to perform the debt of 1,000 yuan to Chen Xishi. Matsugaki Shangzhi's sister-in-law (Liu Xiazhen), with the qualification of homeowner, threatened to stamp the shop seal, willing to use the house as collateral. After Liu Xiazhen's design, Songyuan disappeared, and the court passed on the word of the store, resulting in several transmissions and detention in the detention center for several months. Cai Shi took advantage of the business name's seal, and now he proposed to withdraw his tenant and cancel the business name, using the deception of debts, and fabricated words to the Public Security Bureau and the East Third Branch Office to coerce and limit it to two months, especially hating to add insults with the word evil tenant. Wen has submitted a petition to the court and the Public Security Bureau for verification, what is the evil tenant in this fact? The first fear of the newspaper reader misunderstood, hereby declare. Liu Jiawen is sincere. ”
In this way, the back and forth are linked to read, and it can be roughly understood. Cai Songyuan's defeated family tried to take an improper path, and Liu Xiazhen, the head of the family, improperly controlled, and the initial statement may have been deliberately paved. The two men tried to rely on the influence of General Cai Yi to protect improper interests and abuse social sympathy, which greatly damaged the reputation of the Cai family. At the beginning, Hunan's "National Daily" published the news "Mrs. Songpa Please Strictly Investigate the Evil Tenants", one is the amazing effect of social news, and the other is to safeguard social justice. However, after receiving the statement of the letter from the party Liu Jiawen, it was not published as a letter according to the usual practice, but was handled in the smallest length and the most inconspicuous position, which was obviously the greatest love for the Cai family. Liu Jiawen was not satisfied, and immediately paid a large price to expose the truth in the form of a longer advertisement. "What is Liu Jiawen's Evil Tenant" is reasonable and well-founded, and the Cai family side cannot refute it, so there has been no public response since then. However, Liu Jiawen's notice was terminated immediately after only two days of publication on April 7 and 8, and it can be speculated that a powerful person who cared for the Cai family came forward to coordinate and quickly withdrew the notice to maintain the reputation of the Cai family. According to the advertising rules of hunan "National Daily" at that time, the publication of advertisements began in three days, and it was obvious that they were stopped after interference. Compared with the cai family's later property situation, this property should have lost ownership since then.
The funeral of Mrs. Wang
On May 2, 1935, General Cai Yi's mother, Mrs. Wang, died at the age of seventy-eight at the Cai Family Residence, No. 1 Zhangshu Garden, Swan Pond, Swan Pond, Changsha. It has been nearly twenty years since the death of the defending general Cai Yi, but his deeds in recreating the republic are unforgettable, and because of the attention of the Hunan provincial authorities, the funeral of Mrs. Cai Mu's wife is particularly solemn and extremely mournful.
On the third day after Madame Wang's death, He Jian, chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government, sent a telegram to report on Mrs. Wang's death to all circles, including Tang Shengzhi, director of the Training Department of the Military Commission of the National Government, ministers of the National Government, various appeasement offices, provincial governments, and the township associations of Nanjing, Shanghai, Beiping, Qingdao, and Hankou. At the same time, Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government, Wang Jingwei, president of the Executive Yuan, and Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Kuomintang Central Committee, reported that the Cai family was extremely poor and requested that the funeral expenses be awarded preferentially:
Lin, Chairman of the National Government of Nanjing, Wang Wang, President of the Executive Yuan, and Jun Jian, President of the Various Academies:
Lady Wang, the mother of Cai's former general, died in Changsha on May 2 of this year, at the age of seventy. General Cai Was Committed to the Revolution, Contributed to the Country, Did Not Say Anything About Money Before His Death, and Had Nothing to Do In His Family. It is proposed to earnestly commemorate the honor and give the funeral fee from the superior. Whether there is a time, wait for the cut.
Chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government He Jian tapped the branch (four days) seal
Guiyang Jiang Chairman Junjian:
Lady Wang, the mother of Cai's former general, died in Changsha on May 2 of this year, at the age of seventy. The mother of the former general Zha Huang died in the eighteenth year, and zeng Mengguo issued a funeral fee of 10,000 yuan. Admiral Cai was committed to the revolution, contributing to the country, and the family situation was extremely poor. It is proposed to send a telegram to the national government and award funeral expenses from the superior to show the intention of remembering the honor of labor. Except for the Electricity Council and the Executive Yuan, I hereby submit it.
The seal of the post He Key Knock (Four Days).
"Zeng Mengguo government issued 10,000 yuan for funeral expenses", it should be He Jian did not find out the situation, in fact, the state government issued 5,000 yuan, the provincial government supported 5,000 yuan, and after that, it was the same standard for Cai Mu. The gentry of the province also attached great importance to the funeral of Mother Cai and promoted the solemn preparations of the provincial government. Earlier, Tang Yibin, Luo Fanying, Liu Cecheng, Zhao Heng, Liu Baoshu and others wrote to the provincial government insisted: "Mr. Songpo recreated the republic, the merit is in the party state, the wife is born a great person, for the world, the final ceremony, it is advisable to follow Youlong." "He Jian was asked to preside over the funeral, and the local finance arranged the funeral expenses." The above several people have all held the position of director and above, are well-known people in the province, and the requirements are in line with the original intention of He Jian, which is naturally easy to promote things. A few days later, the provincial government committee held an executive meeting and decided that the provincial treasury would arrange a funeral fee of 5,000 yuan, and elected He Jian, chairman of the provincial government, to preside over the funeral. Subsequently, the camp funeral office was established, with He Jian as the director, Yi Shuzhu, secretary general of the provincial government, as the director, Liu Shuqin as the director of the General Affairs Unit, Liu Cecheng as the director of the Clerical Unit, and Luo Fanying as the director of the Hospitality Unit. Unfortunately, Cai Yi did not manage his family property before his death, cai's house was small, and people from all walks of life who went to pay tribute were crowded, so they had to temporarily borrow Zhongshan Hall to hold various funerals.
Cai Yi calligraphy
During the funeral, condolences from all sides, prayers, and poems came pouring in. Lin Sen personally inscribed the four characters of praise for "JingzhongXunzi" and mailed them to Xiang; Wang Jingwei sent a telegram to inform him that he would allocate five thousand yuan for funeral expenses and personally send one thousand yuan to ZhaoYi; Chiang Kai-shek would reply to the telegram and send Zhaoyi one thousand yuan. Hu Hanmin, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Wu Tiecheng, Ma Hongkui, Zhang Qun, Liu Jiwen, Liu Xiang, Liu Zhi, Yue Sen, Ma Chaojun, Wu Zhongxin, Wu Siyu, Yao Chun, chen Quzhen, and others all called to comfort them, and Wu Siyu, Yue Sen, and Chen Quzhen also sent a varying number of gifts. Most of the calls were made by party and government officials in various provinces, or people in military circles, which impressed people at the time. The most special of these is Bai Chongxi's condolence telegram:
Changsha Chairman Yunqiao Brother Xunjian:
After reciting the telegram (4 days), I was shocked to learn that Mr. Songpa's mother, Mrs. Wang, had passed away. Mr. Matsupa's meritorious service to the party and the state, his brother Fuyu was taught, he heard bad news, and mourned deeply. In addition to informing us that our military robes had been given an elegy by Mr. Matsuba's educators, I implored my brother to pay tribute to the Cai mansion as a feeling of condolence.
Brother Bai Chongxi Knocking Fish (Six Days) Seal
After cai yi returned from the Japanese non-commissioned officer school in 1904, he served as the general office of the Guangxi Army Elementary School, and in the winter of 1907, Bai Chongxi was admitted to the school. One is the founding father of the protection of the country, and the other is a local military and political officer, mentioning this friendship between teachers and students, showing each other's face, and sincerely doing beautiful things. The letters and telegrams were all conveyed through He Jian, and this funeral not only showed his good intentions of respecting the sages, but also brought a good opportunity to expand the influence of Hunan and increase friendship.
He Jian, Cao Dianqiu, and Dai Yue, leading figures from all walks of life in Hunan Province, personally attended the ceremony, and the scene was very solemn. The Hunan Provincial Executive Committee presumed that Member Peng Guojun would go to pay tribute, and in the name of the Provincial Executive Committee, prepared a prayer and a tribute.
Bang Lian:
Born as the founder of the Party Protector, the image of Ganquan is comparable;
In the end, he grew old and was tired of seeing the sea of dust and returning to God.
Oration:
In the past, the political arena has had a rough fortune. Ying Ying Lingzi, maintain the republic. Husband and mother, really born great. Merit is the world, and the name is a prominent relative. Heaven is difficult, and fate is not worthy of morality. To worry about his home, but to the country. The stars sink in Shanghai, and the more than twenty years. Tomb sheng su grass, Tang Yong Lingxuan. Xiangguan is clean and living in Ci pavilion. Settle down and be frugal to keep the covenant. Xuanwen Lao Fu, spring to the hall. Book to pass the bird messenger, drive back to the fairy country. The female emperor died, and the people of the state hung together. Tong Guan Hua, the wind is slightly shining. ShangYi.
Duan Qirui, who was deeply favored by Yuan Shikai but did not approve of the imperial system, immersed himself in studying Buddhism after stepping down, refused to be co-opted by the Japanese after the September 18 Incident, and moved from Tianjin to Shanghai, living in seclusion in the downtown area and not asking about the world. Duan Qirui and Cai Yi had more agreement on the recognition of the republican form of government, and they also heard that they had sent a bang, and they were praised as novel and appropriate: "This mother is extraordinary, in the midst of the Pengmen set up, there is a general view of guangsha and ten thousand rooms; his son is respectable, when the bonfire sings the fox, the power of the waves." ”
The funeral ceremony lasted for more than a month, and on June 8, Mrs. Wang's coffin finally took off and returned to her original hometown in Shaoyang County by car for burial. He Jian, chairman of the provincial government, personally carried out the ceremony and sent military and police commanders, and more than 9,000 people were buried all the way in Changsha City, and firecrackers were set off in shops along the way to mourn.
Inspired by Cai E's personality and deeds, the funeral was attended by many participants, grand and lively, and the honor of the Cai family reached the highest point after Cai E's death. Six years later, Cai Yi's wife, Liu Xiazhen, died of illness in Guilin, and only had a dozen words of text in the Xinhua Daily, although it had the impact of the national disaster, but in fact it was impossible to restore such a high level of attention. The funeral of Lady Cai's mother was solemn, but the participation of the Cai family was not high. Only Hu Hanmin and Wu Zhongxin's two telegrams of condolences were conveyed to Cai Zeduan, the grandson of the Cai family, and the other brothers of Cai Yi, the grandchildren of the Cai family, and the clan did not appear in the newspaper, which cannot but be said to be a pity.
The achievements of General Cai Yi are inseparable from the times, the environment and family style, the good teachers and friends, the mission and self-expectations. Wisdom, character, courage and ability cannot be inherited through heredity, and the topics of family education and self-cultivation deserve our in-depth discussion.
Source: Magazine of All Walks of Life, Issue 7, 2021
Author: Wang Jinhua