Emperor Hui of Han Liu Ying
Emperor Hui of Han (210 BC – 26 September 188 BC), son of Liu Bang and Lü Hou of Han Gaozu, was the second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Hui of Han was a young emperor who succeeded to the throne at the age of sixteen.
After Emperor Hui of Han ascended the throne, he implemented benevolent government, reduced taxes, promoted Cao Gan to be the minister of finance, Xiao Gui Cao Sui, political qingming, and Guotai Min'an. Policies that are close to the people's livelihood have promoted economic prosperity. In terms of ideology and culture, he abolished the Qin Dynasty imprisonment, allowed Huang Lao's philosophy to replace the doctrine of the Legalists, and opened the door to the development of various ideas, but the power during the reign of the weak Han Hui Emperor was actually in the hands of the powerful mother Lü Hou, so that when sima Qian wrote the "Records of History", he did not even set up the Huidi Benji, but set up the "Lü Empress Dowager Benji".
In 188 BC, Emperor Hui of Han, who reigned for only seven years, died at the age of twenty-three, and was buried in Anling.
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Liu Ying Liu Ying was a humane and weak person, and Gao Zu thought that he was not like himself. And Liu Ruyi, the son born to Lady Qi, was deeply loved by Liu Bang, and Liu Ruyi was cool to Liu Bang, and Liu Bang often wanted to be the prince of Yi because of his self-likeness. Moreover, Lü Hou was old and faded, and Liu Bang was rare; Lady Qi was young and beautiful, and was deeply favored by Liu Bang.
Liu Bang, who was the emperor, made Liu Ying crown prince in the seventh year of Gaozu. In the ninth year of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Ao, the King of Zhao, was deposed, and Liu Ruyi was made the King of Zhao. Although Liu Ruyi was the King of Zhao, he often stayed in Chang'an. Liu Bang went to Guandong, and Lady Qi often cried day and night to make Liu Ruyi act as Liu Ying's crown prince.
Ten years after Gao Zu, Liu Bang wanted to be crown prince and was in court. As a result, the courtiers objected one after another. Zhou Chang, the imperial master, was the most strongly opposed, and Liu Bang asked him why, and Zhou Chang was angry because he ate for the population, so he said: "The subject cannot speak, but the subject period knows that it is impossible!" His Majesty wants to depose the Crown Prince, and his subjects do not obey the edict during the period. When Liu Bang saw this, he smiled happily and dismissed the proposal. After the incident, lü Hou heard the above conversation in the east chamber, and when she saw Zhou Chang, she knelt down and said, "If it were not for your reasoning, the prince would almost be deposed." ”
However, Liu Bang still harbored yi chu's intentions, and Lü Hou was afraid that he did not know what to do, and some people told Lü Hou that Zhang Liang was good at planning and had always been trusted by Liu Bang. So Lü Hou ordered his brother Lü Ze to find Zhang Liang and said to him, "You are often Your Majesty's adviser, and now Your Majesty wants To be Prince Yi, how can you still lie on your back?" Zhang Liang said, "When the emperor was in danger, he used my strategy. Now the world is stable, and the emperor wants Prince Yi because he likes it, this is a matter between their flesh and blood, even if there are a hundred like me, it is useless! Lu Ze forcibly said, "No matter what, you have to think of a way for me!" ”
Zhang Liang said, "This difficult battle of words can achieve the goal." The emperor also has sages who want to recruit but can't, there are four such people, that is, Shangshan Sihao, all of whom are old, all because the emperor is slow and insulted, so they do not want to be Han Chen. But the emperor prefers these four people to be high-ranking people, and if you can not be stingy about gold, silver, treasure, and treasure, and let the prince personally send a letter, the words are humble and humble, and the ancha and the debater are used to please, you should be able to please them. When they came, they treated them as guests and made them always follow the prince into the court. In this way, the emperor must ask, and tell the emperor. So Lü Ze asked people to hold the Book of Taishu and greeted these four people with humble words and generous gifts. After the four people arrived, the guests were built in the houshou.
Xiao Zhicao followed
Liu Ying saw that Cao Gu was beaten, so he had to personally summon Cao to ask questions. Cao Shan asked Liu Ying, "Who does Your Majesty think is more holy than Emperor Gao?" Liu Ying replied, "How dare I compare myself with Emperor Xian!" Cao Shan asked again, "Then who do you see who is more virtuous between me and Xiao?" Liu Ying said, "You don't seem to be as good as Xiao Xiangguo." Cao San: "That's right." Emperor Gao and Xiao He fixed the world, the system and laws are very clear, His Majesty only needs to surrender, we subordinates only need to settle their duties, abide by discipline and law without fault. After Liu Ying listened, she said, "Great! You can go down."
This is the famous "Xiao Zhi Cao Sui", Cao San, for three years, carefully abide by Xiao He Fadu, to be quiet and self-guarding, to use the people to use time, not to disturb the people. Society presents a clear scene. After Cao San's death, the song at that time was known: Xiao He is the law, talking about Ruohua Yi; Cao San's substitution, keep and do not lose; carry its tranquility, the people to Ning Yi.
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Ban Gu evaluation: Filial piety to internal cultivation of relatives, external ceremonies to the prime minister, preferential favor Qi mourning, Zhao Yin, enjing Duyi. Uncle Sun Tong's advice was afraid, and Na Cao Xiangguo said to his heart, which can be described as the lord of forgiveness and benevolence. Empress Cao Lu lost to Virtue, Sorrowful Husband!
Since the power was in the hands of his mother Empress Lü, Liu Ying herself could neither extend nor fail, so most later generations evaluated Liu Ying as cowardly, incompetent, or even faint. However, from the perspective of personality, Liu Ying is indeed not strong, and from his protection of his younger brother Liu Ruyi's older brother Liu Fei, we can see that Liu Ying is not like his father or mother, his nature is quite pure and kind, friendly and harmless to others, so he is very bitter about his mother's vicious cruelty. Therefore, when Liu Ying saw Empress Lü's tragic situation of maiming Lady Qi, she wept bitterly and said to Empress Lü: "This is not a human act." The subject is the empress dowager, and he will not be able to rule the world in the end. "Liu Ying is filial piety and benevolence.
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Father: Han Gao zu Liu Bang
Mother: Lü Hou Lü Yan
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The eldest brother qi mourned Liu Fei, the king of Hui
The third brother was Liu Ruyi, the King of Zhao Yin
Fourth brother Liu Heng, Emperor Wen of Han (originally emperor dai wang)
The fifth brother was Liu Hui the Prince of Zhao
The sixth brother, Liu You, the King of Zhao You
Seventh brother Liu Chang, the Prince of Li of Huainan
Eighth brother Liu Jian, King of Yanling
sisters
Sister Princess Lu Yuan
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empress
Zhang Yan: Liu Ying's niece, the daughter of Liu Ying's sister Princess Lu Yuan, and the granddaughter of Lü Yan. Married at the age of 12 and widowed at the age of 15. Because she and Liu Ying were close relatives and married, Emperor Hui remained a virgin after his death.
imperial concubine
There is no record
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Liu Ying had six sons: Liu Gong the Former Young Emperor, Liu Jiang the Prince of Huaiyang, Liu Buxi the Prince of Changshan, Liu Hong the Marquis of Xiangcheng (formerly known as Liu Shan, who was once known as Liu Yi and later renamed the Prince of Changshan), Liu Chao the Marquis of Xuan, and Liu Wu the Marquis of Huguan (later renamed the Prince of Huaiyang).
Because two of Liu Ying's six sons were made emperors during Lü Hou's reign, the former Shao Emperor Liu Gong was later deposed and executed; the Later Shao Emperor Liu Hong reigned until Lü Hou's death, and was deposed and executed by courtiers. Qunchen declared, "These sons of Liu Ying were not born to him, but were the bloodline of the Lü clan (Lü Hou), and the descendants of the Lü clan were made princes and princes, and the future world was actually surnamed Lü." ”
After pacifying Zhu Lü, the Gongchen faction and the imperial family faction welcomed Liu Heng as emperor (Emperor Wen of Han), and the two factions feared that the Lü family would grow in the future, and on the night when Liu Heng entered the Weiyang Palace, they executed these descendants of the non-Liu clan (claimed by the Qunchen) who were not of the Liu clan in their official residences.
Therefore, in the future, there was the saying that Emperor Hui was childless.
One sentence summarizes Liu Ying, the Emperor of Han Hui
Please si hao throne