Although the average person does not care about the question of where people come from and where they are going, they are also very interested when it comes to such issues. However, the more interesting and related question is: Who is people most like? The general answer is that humans are most similar to primates.
In the common concept, primates or apes (apes) are generic. However, primates include many species, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas, baboons, macaques, etc. Although they belong to the same primates, their relationship with humans is far-reaching and close relatives, so there are differences in finding the same attributes, personalities, behavioral characteristics, appearances, and so on from primates as humans.
Distant relatives of humans in primates are orangutans, gorillas, baboons, macaques, etc. For example, orangutans separated from humans and other primates about 14 million years ago, while gorillas separated from humans about 7.5 million years ago. Humans separated from primates 5.5 million years ago. The remaining primates are a large class called pans, including chimpanzees and bonobos, which were separated from chimpanzees only about 2.5 million years ago. That is to say, chimpanzees and bonobos are separated from each other after they are separated from humans, so they are the closest to humans and are the best close relatives to know humans. Some researchers even argue that humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos should be classified as one of the large subspecies of primates, the homo. However, quite a few people believe that humans are supreme, and certainly disdain to associate themselves with chimpanzees and bonobos.
If you want to understand humans, it is best to look at chimpanzees and bonobos, because these two closest relatives of humans have the habits, personalities, and behaviors that are most similar to those of humans, or that many of the ways humans behave are derived from them.
Chimpanzees are violent, hierarchical, cruel, male-dominated, and use fighting to resolve conflicts, while bonobos are peace-loving, predominantly female, and use pleasurable love and coordination to solve problems and conflicts. Humans are characterized by two-sidedness, which comes from chimpanzees and bonobos. Human aggressiveness, power desire, and patriarchal patriarchal tendencies are attributed to chimpanzees, while human peace-loving, egalitarianism, female rights, and sexual enjoyment come from bonobos.
Chimpanzees represent the devil side of human duality, while bonobos represent the gentle side of human duality. Chimpanzees have larger heads, thicker necks, and wider shoulders, while bonobos are straighter and slimmer. When standing or crawling vertically, the bonobo's back appears to be more stretched than that of the chimpanzee, due to the bonobo's humanoid physique. Because of this, bonobos are likened to "Lucy," the ancestor of humans, australopithecus.
Through nearly 20 years of research, biologist Frans has observed the similarities between chimpanzees, bonobos and humans not only from the behavior mode, personality characteristics, but also from the sequence and structure of DNA, and their DNA is almost consistent with humans, so if you want to understand people from the duality of biology and reality, you must fully understand chimpanzees and bonobos.
Vertical and horizontal is the usual method used by humans in the pursuit of power, in fact, chimpanzees are more skilled. The battle for supremacy over the chimpanzee herd at Arnhem Zoo in the Netherlands unfolds between 3 chimpanzees. Nicky is 17 years old, in the middle of maturity, and physically an upstart, but when the leader seems to be a little tender. Another man, Ye Luo'en, was not physically suitable for being a leader, but he was calculating. There is also a chimpanzee called Ruth, the strongest of the apes, who can take away food or drive away any male or ape, and no orangutan can restrain Rut. So Root was born to be a pawn.
As a result, Yellon and Nikki join forces against Rut, and Yellon helps Nikki defeat Rut, from which Nikki becomes the leader and Yeron becomes the military master. However, after the seizure of power, the two leaders seemed to be a little oblivious. After Yellon helps Nicky seize power, in exchange, Yellon can share sex with Nicky with other females. However, soon after seizing power, Nikki forgets who helped him seize power, and thus interferes in Ye Roen's sex. Their conflict lasted for several months, and one day, Nikki and Ye luon had a complete quarrel, and Ye Luon left Nikki.
Seeing the opportunity, Rutter regained the throne that night. After coming to power, Rutter was deeply loved by female orangutans. Losing power, Nikki and Ye Rohn were frustrated and lost a circle in body shape. However, they are well aware of the strategy of seizing power. After some time, late one night, Nikki and Yellon reconcile and join forces to raid Root, similar in cruelty to their human attacks. Root's whole body was covered with deep wounds left by Nicky and Yerohn's attacks, bleeding all over his body, and his fingers and toes were broken. And the most fatal and most hurtful thing about the male's face is that Lute's testicles are missing. The veterinarian concluded that the testicles were squeezed out, and the keepers later found Rutter's testicles in the cage. Nikki and Yellon humiliated Ruth and defeated it to regain power, and Rut died.
After losing power, chimpanzees' sorrows, frustrations, frustrations, anger, and sadness are also very similar to those of people. After The seizure of power by Rut in the chimpanzee story above, Ye Rohn behaved in great pain and frustration, even on a hunger strike for weeks, refusing to socialize, with an empty expression on his face, losing power, as if his soul had also been lost. How could this not be the case for human beings?
Bonobos represent the mild side of human duality, but this is related to their large amount of sexual activity. Bonobos use sex to resolve conflicts and achieve the purpose of peaceful coexistence, which seems to be both similar and different from people.
Bonobo attitudes towards sex, like other activities in life, are not taboo. They can immediately move from eating to sex, from sex to play, from grooming to kissing. Moreover, their kissing, whether of the same sex or the opposite sex, has a signature French kissing - tongue kissing.
Through extensive observation, Frans found that bonobos can have sex for sexual intercourse, can also have sex to calm things down, and can also use sex as a sign of liking. However, for humans, it is only to associate sex with reproduction and satisfaction of desires, and the only thing that lacks sex to resolve contradictions (but there is sexual bribery in humans). Even between people of the same sex, in order to resolve disputes, bonobos will use sexual behavior to turn the relationship into a jade.
Frans observed that bonobo love is delicate, and even at a very young age they know how to settle disputes sexually. For example, on top of a branch, a young female orangutan is blocked by a young male orangutan, the former wanting to overtake the latter, but the latter not. Maybe it's the male orangutans who are afraid to fall off the tree, maybe it's intentional behavior. There are two ways to solve this problem. One is that the female orangutan bites the male orangutan on a branch
Take a bite of the hand and let the male take his hand away to make way for it, but the result can be bad. The other is negotiation, which can turn out well.
Female orangutans choose the latter. But this negotiation is not in words and posture, but in sexual behavior. The female turned and rested her sensitive part on the male's arm, and in this way the female slowly crawled past the male. Although the two orangutans are not underage, they have learned to communicate and compromise in a sexual way, understanding each other.
However, the peace and gentleness of bonobos is not only because of their generalization or use of sex as the only means of communication and coordination, they differ from the frequent use of violence by chimpanzees in that bonobo society is headed by females. This, in turn, stems from biological and social characteristics.
Physiologically, the estrogen secreted by the female can make the personality of the biological individual more gentle and flexible, while the androgen will promote the biological individual to be more violent and aggressive, so in the female power of the bonobo society, irritability and violence lose their natural motivation. On the other hand, because it is the female who holds power, the older female orangutan has the highest power in handling the affairs of the community and, above all, in the distribution of food. Why older female orangutans are in power, but there are other reasons.
On the one hand, young female bonobos have no desire to replace experienced older females, and on the other hand, male bonobos benefit from this system no less than chimpanzee groups. Because, due to pansexual behavior, bonobo males do not fight for power for sex, while females are generally elderly, and male bonobos can be both irresponsible and cared for.
Having said that, how do bonobos resemble human peace and moderation? Humans today are monogamous, the exact opposite of bonobos. Humans also had behaviors similar to those of bonobos in the early days, and there are traces of these behaviors today. For example, the early inhabitants of Hawaii behaved much like bonobos, believing that "sex is the ointment and glue of the whole society."
In terms of peace-loving and sexual pleasure alone, humans are indeed like bonobos. The explanation that goes along with this line of thinking is that human societies that are more tolerant of sex are gentler than societies that are not. Studies have found that oxytocin has a special role in sexual behavior because it can make organisms more gentle and less aggressive. Males, in particular, accelerate the synthesis of oxytocin in the brain after sex. Therefore, in a human society that is more tolerant of sex, there may be more oxytocin in the human body.