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ChatterBot聊天机器人呢结构(五):ChatterBot对话流程

原文地址:http://www.bugingcode.com/blog/ChatterBot_Dialogue_process.html

创建机器人

部署机器人的各种属性,根据前面的章节里聊天机器人的各种属性,对聊天机器人进行相应的配置,创建一个符合自己的机器人。

bot = ChatBot(
    'Default Response Example Bot',
    storage_adapter='chatterbot.storage.SQLStorageAdapter',
    logic_adapters=[
        {
            'import_path': 'chatterbot.logic.BestMatch'
        },
        {
            'import_path': 'chatterbot.logic.LowConfidenceAdapter',
            'threshold': 0.65,
            'default_response': 'I am sorry, but I do not understand.'
        }
    ],
    trainer='chatterbot.trainers.ListTrainer'
)
           

logic_adapters

logic_adapters:用来设置所选择的算法,这里选择的是chatterbot.logic.BestMatch,也就是最匹配方式,从训练的对话中找到最相识的语句,根据对话,提供回答。

trainer

trainer:选择的是chatterbot.trainers.ListTrainer

在trainer中,决定选择哪种构造方式来创建上下文的关系。

def train(self, conversation):
    """
    Train the chat bot based on the provided list of
    statements that represents a single conversation.
    """
    previous_statement_text = None

    for conversation_count, text in enumerate(conversation):
        print_progress_bar("List Trainer", conversation_count + 1, len(conversation))

        statement = self.get_or_create(text)

        if previous_statement_text:
            statement.add_response(
                Response(previous_statement_text)
            )

        previous_statement_text = statement.text
        self.storage.update(statement)
           

在ListTrainer中,用上下句来构建一个statement ,statement相当于存储了一个上下对话的关系,在查找的时候,先找到最合适的上文,下文就是答案了。这就是一个训练的过程,训练的这一过程,主要是在构建statement,并把statement放到storage中。

storage_adapter

storage_adapter有几种可选的方案chatterbot.storage.SQLStorageAdapter,MongoDatabaseAdapter,存储之前训练的statement,把statement存储在数据库中,默认的数据库选择的是本地的sqlite3。

训练机器人

把语料准备好,就聊天机器人进行训练,语料的来源比较重要,像之前的小黄鸭语料的来源,主要是来源于众包,用户会交小黄鸭怎么去回答问题,语料是重要的一种选择,一个语料的质量决定了聊天机器人的可玩性。

训练的过程,就是一个建立statement并存储的过程,代码在ListTrainer中都有详细的体现。

bot.train([
    'How can I help you?',
    'I want to create a chat bot',
    'Have you read the documentation?',
    'No, I have not',
    'This should help get you started: http://chatterbot.rtfd.org/en/latest/quickstart.html'
])
           

产生答案

聊天机器人主要的过程是产生答案的过程,而答案的选择最关键的就是算法的实现,之前有介绍过,可玩性比较高的聊天机器人必须拥有不同的算法,对不同的聊天内容给出不一样的答案,根据输入选择最合适的算法,产生最好的答案。在机器人对话中,最常见的问题是一些生活的问题,比如,天气,时间,笑话等,根据问题,选择最匹配的算法,给出精彩的答案。

response = bot.get_response(‘How do I make an omelette?’)

get_response的过程

采用的是ChatBot的方法,一开始先得到输入,并对数据进行过滤,在根据输入数据选择算法,得出答案。

def get_response(self, input_item, session_id=None):
    """
    Return the bot's response based on the input.

    :param input_item: An input value.
    :returns: A response to the input.
    :rtype: Statement
    """
    if not session_id:
        session_id = str(self.default_session.uuid)

    input_statement = self.input.process_input_statement(input_item)

    # Preprocess the input statement
    for preprocessor in self.preprocessors:
        input_statement = preprocessor(self, input_statement)

    statement, response = self.generate_response(input_statement, session_id)

    # Learn that the user's input was a valid response to the chat bot's previous output
    previous_statement = self.conversation_sessions.get(
        session_id
    ).conversation.get_last_response_statement()
    self.learn_response(statement, previous_statement)

    self.conversation_sessions.update(session_id, (statement, response, ))

    # Process the response output with the output adapter
    return self.output.process_response(response, session_id)
           

算法是如何进行选择的呢?

在multi_adapter.py 算法选择中,遍历了所有我们已经选择的算法,算法通过 can_process 进行选择,对输入生成的statement 进行匹配,并通过confidence来进行评分,而应该还可以进行扩展,通过不同的得分,来选择算法,最佳匹配。

def process(self, statement):
    """
    Returns the output of a selection of logic adapters
    for a given input statement.

    :param statement: The input statement to be processed.
    """
    results = []
    result = None
    max_confidence = -1

    for adapter in self.get_adapters():
        if adapter.can_process(statement):

            output = adapter.process(statement)

            if type(output) == tuple:
                warnings.warn(
                    '{} returned two values when just a Statement object was expected. '
                    'You should update your logic adapter to return just the Statement object. '
                    'Make sure that statement.confidence is being set.'.format(adapter.class_name),
                    DeprecationWarning
                )
                output = output[1]

            results.append((output.confidence, output, ))

            self.logger.info(
                '{} selected "{}" as a response with a confidence of {}'.format(
                    adapter.class_name, output.text, output.confidence
                )
            )

            if output.confidence > max_confidence:
                result = output
                max_confidence = output.confidence
        else:
            self.logger.info(
                'Not processing the statement using {}'.format(adapter.class_name)
            )

    # If multiple adapters agree on the same statement,
    # then that statement is more likely to be the correct response
    if len(results) >= 3:
        statements = [s[1] for s in results]
        count = Counter(statements)
        most_common = count.most_common()
        if most_common[0][1] > 1:
            result = most_common[0][0]
            max_confidence = self.get_greatest_confidence(result, results)

    result.confidence = max_confidence
    return result
           

ChatterBot的架构和流程基本清楚以后,就是对ChatterBot的扩展,一个好的ChatterBot聊天机器人,还有很多需要完成的地方,比如多轮对话,

我:天气如何?

机器人:你在位置在那里?

我:厦门

机器人:多云转晴,32摄氏度

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