线程池的作用:
提供系统效率;如果每个请求到达就创建一个线程,开销是相当大的,服务器创建和销毁线程花费的时间和系统资源都相当大;如果线程数量太多,线程之间的切换也会消耗大量时间和资源。通过对多个任务重复使用线程,那么线程创建和销毁的开销就分摊到了多个任务上,平均每个任务所花费的时间和资源就少了很多。
1、 newCachedThreadPool
创建可缓存线程池,如果线程池的大小超过处理需要的大小,可灵活回收空闲线程,如果不能回收,就创建线程,回收的线程可以用作执行新的任务
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CachedThreadPool {
@Override
public void run() {
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
try {
Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(index);
}
});
}
}
}
2、 newFixedThreadPool
创建定长线程,可控制线程的最大并发数,超出的线程需在队列中等待
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class FixedThreadPool {
@Override
public void run() {
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}
3、 newScheduledThreadPool
创建定长线程,支持按照设定的时间延迟执行或者周期性执行
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPool {
@Override
public void run() {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("3 seconds delay");
}
}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
4、 newSingleThreadPool
单线程化的线程池,所有的任务的执行顺序按照指定的顺序执行(FIFO、LIFO、优先级等)
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class SingleThreadPool {
@Override
public void run() {
ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}