Speaking of calligraphers, we may first think of Wang Xizhi, who is known as the "Sage of Books", and his "Orchid Pavilion Preface" inherited from the world is called "the first line of books under the heavens". However, this time I want to talk about a calligrapher at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengchen, who was listed with the other three people at that time as the "Four Great Masters of the Book of Letters", and was also a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, who belonged to the imperial family.
There are many calligraphy works circulating, and his calligraphy achievements are even praised as "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy reproduction", but also a painter, poet, versatile, is a real talent.
What the author wants to tell is the "Songxue Body" derived from his stylistic style, and the name of "Songxue Body" comes from the Zhao Mengxiao Ya "Songxue Daoist", which is also known as "Zhao Body" and "Shu Body". The "pine snow body" had a profound influence on korea at the end of Goryeo and the beginning of Korea, becoming the mainstream school of calligraphy in Goryeo (present-day Korea and Korea).
So how is the "pine snow body" derived? And what kind of development has it undergone to become a mainstream school of calligraphy in a country? How did the appearance of the "pine snow body" affect The Goryeo/Korea at that time?
The Goryeo Dynasty was originally closely associated with the Yuan Dynasty, and King Chungjeon of Goryeo (王璋) was a descendant of The Lost Princess of King Chungyeek and the Lost Princess of the Yuan Dynasty Kudulu Jieli, and in 1298, King Chan of Chungjee gave the throne to Wang Zhang, but only a few months later he was deposed for offending the Kwon Gate and the suzerainty of the Yuan Dynasty (Goryeo was a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty was able to directly interfere in the internal affairs of the Goryeo state, and Chan Rang was the will of the Yuan Dynasty)
Then he stayed in Yanjing (Beijing) for ten years in the Yuan Dynasty, and only returned to China to take the throne after the death of King Zhonglie in 1308, but a few years later Zen gave the throne to his son, and returned to Yanjing to settle down, and even suffered exile in his later life, which can be described as a difficult fate.
During the Yuan Dynasty, King Zhongxuan often interacted with the Confucians of that time, including Zhao Mengchen. The two had similar fates, sympathy for each other, close relations, and King Zhongxuan also had a talent for calligraphy and painting, and the two had a cooperative calligraphy work ("Records of the Yuantong Temple of the Great Baoguo").
Zhao Mengxiao also wrote a lot of calligraphy works for him, and after King Chungseon returned to China, he brought Zhao Mengxiao's works into Goryeo (it should be noted here that the "Songxue Body" is not a calligraphy system that Zhao Mengxiao has developed into a school of its own, but a genre derived from the characteristics of Zhao Mengxiao's calligraphy combined with different cultures). At that time, Zhao Mengxiao's calligraphy was revered by the royal family and the advocates of Confucianism at that time, so Zhao Mengxiao's calligraphy spread in Goryeo.
When Zhao Mengchen calligraphy was promoted by imperial power and mainstream culture (Confucian culture was rising at that time), it was recognized by the upper echelons of the state and the literary circles. Zhao Mengxiao calligraphy is very cultural characteristics, and there are successful calligraphy people who learn "Zhao style" calligraphy, until the joseon Dynasty, "Zhao style" calligraphy swept the country, and constantly emerged calligraphy based on "pine snow body".
(A style, calligraphy or artistic style cannot be formed in a short period of time, it can be said that it is formulating the standard of a thing, and it is a product of a great sense of the culture and artistic beauty of the times, which cannot be formed overnight.)
In the early Joseon Dynasty (Sejong, Emperor Wenzong), there was a giant of songxue calligraphy, Li Yao, the Prince of Anping, with the elegant names of gān (gān) and Mei Zhuxuan. He is also the third son of Sejong, erudite and proficient in music, chess and other skills, the most proficient in calligraphy and painting.
As a member of the royal family, he had sufficient conditions to study, and under the influence of the promotion of Confucianism and "Zhao-style" calligraphy (in the past, there were many names for "Zhao Body" and "Shu Body"), which cast this calligraphy master. The Maharaja of Anping greatly admired Zhao Mengxiao and often published zhao Mengxiao's calligraphy works. In 1462, the prologue in the stone book of the Sermon Song given by the Prince of Anping to the Heian-do Observation Envoy reflects his ambition to promote Zhao Mengxiao's calligraphy.
Emperor Zhao Mengchen, who alone pursued the Jin Fa in his penmanship, continued through the ages and looked up to future generations. I, King Zhuang Xian of Sejong, with the "Song of Sermons" written by Meng Qi, was fully manifested in three bodies, and the eight tricks were spared, and the fate was carried by the stone, and the scholars of the world were able to model it. However, the stone is secret, and it is rare to fix people.
There is a Peace Dao observation to make Zheng Jun and Han, according to the side, shu so that the people who despise the side know the calligraphy, please give the "Sermon Song", the publication board will be promulgated, and his heart is diligent! His Riwu Oriental calligraphy comes from the west, Zhen Zhen Ji Ji, the light of the silver hook jade tendon, the shining in the Beijing Division, the gift of Zheng Jun, is not beautiful!
The great calligrapher Li Kuangshi (1705-1777), a great calligrapher in the middle of Korea's development, named The Maharaja of Anping as the originator of the pine and snow body in Korea. Because the Maharaja of Anping did not imitate Zhao Mengxuan, but absorbed the charm and style between his writings.
If just simple imitation is not enough to create a new style, The Prince of Anping fuses the characteristics of Zhao Mengxiao into one furnace, with this characteristic as the mainstay, which is very similar to it, but not the same kind. Moreover, the calligraphy achievements of the Prince of Anping were called "the first person of Oriental calligraphy" in the era at that time.
In that era, the Chinese literati who had seen his works were deeply impressed. When the Ming dynasty envoy Ni Qian (1415-1479) visited Korea, he specifically requested to bring back the works of the Prince of Anping to return to China, which attracted the admiration of Emperor Ming (Zhu Qiyu). It can be seen that the artistic charm exuded from the lines of his words. In this way, the pine snow body is officially formed. And I have to lament how difficult it is to set a standard for something and make it approved by other people (relevant circles).
The appearance of pine snow bodies created a new school of calligraphy in North Korea, which had a profound impact on North Korea. Among them, the more direct influence is the establishment of "Xunmin Zhengyin", which is a Korean script founded by North Korea, and the "Mingru Eight Members" who founded the script are all calligraphy masters famous for their pine and snow bodies.
In this way, you may not know its importance, before the 15th century AD, Korea only had a language and no writing, and there was no script that matched the phonetics. Originally, it was mainly written in Chinese, so the appearance of pine snow body also indirectly influenced the creation of Korean (now known as Korean, Korean).
We can also appreciate the literati mentality and literary environment at that time from the cultural dissemination of pine and snow, which provides us with more information and a more vivid perspective when studying the Culture of the Yuan Dynasty and the Korean Dynasty. The pine snow body had a great influence on North Korea at that time, and this collision of cultures could lead to new art forms, not only in calligraphy, but also in other forms of artistic expression.
Pine snow bodies were introduced to other countries through the Goryeo royal family, and gradually formed a perfect school of calligraphy. From the author's point of view, from the perspective of calligraphy, a new era was opened, and a variety of art forms were inspired, and many calligraphy masters appeared, which had a great sense of history and culture at that time. Even through the words, you can feel the heroism and pain of indulging in art, which makes people fascinated.
In the macro sense of history. In these hundreds of years, the influx of different cultures collided with their own cultures, resulting in more art forms. This is not only manifested in the artistic level, the development of humanities, science and technology will be affected, the development of society or the development of the entire human civilization is progressing in the collision of such a historical wave.
bibliography:
1. "Lee Dynasty Records Sejong", Seoul, photocopy of the Faculty of Law and Literature, Imperial University of Seoul, Joseon, 1932.
2. Yan Yan A Dynamic Investigation of the Rise and Circulation of Pine Snow Bodies in the Yuan Dynasty. Chinese Cultural Studies, Autumn 2014
3. ZHAO Meng. Winter Biography of Calligraphy and Korean Songxue Calligraphy, originally published in Journal of Yantai University, No. 3, 2003