Fuxian Lake is located between Chengjiang City, Jiangchuan District and Huaning County in Yuxi City, and the northernmost part of the lake is about 52 kilometers away from Kunming. The water of Fuxian Lake is crystal clear and the scenery is beautiful, and the microwave ripples on the surface of Fuxian Lake during the day, just like a landscape painting, was called "Liuli Wanqing" in ancient times.
Fuxian Lake has two of the best: one is the largest lake with water storage capacity in China; the other is the largest deep-water lake in the plateau area.
Fuxian Lake belongs to the Nanpanjiang River system, with a total area of about 216 square kilometers, a length of about 31.4 kilometers, the deepest point of the lake is about 158.9 meters, and the average water depth is about 95.2 meters. In addition to the charming scenery of Fuxian Lake, the lake is also rich in a small fish called anti-wave fish.
Speaking of anti-wave fish, most people may not know about it, because this fish is mainly distributed in Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, anti-wave fish is a unique species native to Fuxian Lake, and it is also one of the "four famous fish in Yunnan", which looks very similar to the white stripe fish (meal strip fish), and the scientific name is Squid White Fish.
In 1965, the catch of fuxian lake anti-wave fish was about 450 tons, but by 1998, the annual production of fuxian lake anti-wave fish was less than 0.2 tons, and in just a few decades, the anti-wave fish in Fuxian Lake were on the verge of extinction. Is the emergence of the crisis of anti-wave fish a "fine" for Fuxian Lake or is there another reason?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > anti-wave fish</h1>
The anti-wave fish is a white fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, slender and somewhat rounded. People who do not know the anti-wave fish will mistakenly think that it is a white fish, because from the appearance of the anti-wave fish, it is indeed very similar to the white striped fish, but the abdominal fin of the anti-wave fish gradually extends to the anus, and the eyes appear red up and down.
The anti-wave fish is very demanding on the living environment, the water quality is not only required to be clear to the bottom, and there is no pollution, while the dissolved oxygen in the water is high, even in the same area, the anti-wave fish will only choose the high-oxygen area to inhabit. Therefore, anti-wave fish prefer to live in underwater gravel or deep caves, usually living in groups.
Wave-resistant fish are omnivorous fish, mainly feeding on branches, copepods and algae, but also eat soft insects and larvae in the water. In addition, when the food is not enough, the anti-wave fish will also eat the eggs of other fish, but do not eat fry.
Wild wave-resistant fish have strong self-propagation ability in Fuxian Lake, so in the 1960s, the annual output of Fuxian Lake wave-resistant fish was as high as more than 450 tons. However, production has gradually declined since the 1980s, and in the 1990s, there are almost no wave-resistant fish in Fuxian Lake. So why is the once-high-yielding wave-resistant fish on the brink of extinction?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the main cause of the endangerment of the wave fish</h1>
In the 1980s, in addition to the cultivation of "four major fish" in Fuxian Lake, the anti-wave fish was also one of the important economic fish, and accounted for about 60% of the lake's fish production at that time.
At that time, although the production of anti-wave fish had begun to decrease, the annual production could still be maintained at about 300 to 400 tons, and the reason for the reduction in production, although inseparable from overfishing, was not the main reason, and the culprit that led to the endangerment was his "sister" Nebula Lake.
In 1982, silverfish were first introduced to Nebula Lake, and due to the suitable ecological environment, silverfish began to breed in large numbers in Nebula Lake. Later, whenever the water of Nebula Lake rises, a large number of silver fish will enter Fuxian Lake, because the water of the two lakes is connected. According to 1986 statistics, in just 4 years, the number of silver fish entering Fuxian Lake reached more than a dozen tons.
Silver fish is a micro-small fish, although its size is small, but its feeding habits are the same as the anti-wave fish, because fuxian Lake into a large number of silver fish, quickly robbed the status of anti-wave fish, especially food resources.
In addition, the reproductive capacity of silverfish is far greater than that of wave-resistant fish, and the breeding time generally lasts for three or four months, and the spawning amount per tail is about 2000 grains. Silverfish breed in large numbers in Fuxian Lake, resulting in a serious shortage of food distribution, but causing the anti-wave fish to face the risk of extinction.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the current status of the anti-wave fish</h1>
The reduction of anti-wave fish has attracted the attention of the local relevant departments, and invested special funds for artificial breeding technology research, after 2 years of research and research, through hormones and artificial simulation of the natural spawning habits of anti-wave fish, and successfully carried out artificial breeding in 2002.
At the same time, Yuxi has also established the Fuxian Lake Endemic Fish National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area, and stipulates that the fishing ban period is from April to September every year, and also repairs the fish holes in the anti-wave fish habitat near the star village on the west bank of Fuxian Lake, which is the main habitat of the anti-wave fish.
There are more than 200 large and small fish holes distributed on the west coast, with a length of more than ten meters and a water depth of about 3 to 4 meters, which leads from the bottom of the cliff to Fuxian Lake. Although the anti-wave fish can not return to the peak of the current period, but the annual number is also increasing year by year, and the local also encourages the artificial breeding of anti-wave fish to replace the wild consumption supply, which also enables the anti-wave fish to thrive.
Finally: in order to protect the unique fish species and restore the original ecosystem of Fuxian Lake, Yuxi City began to implement artificial breeding and stocking activities of anti-wave fish every year since 2007, and after more than ten years of artificial release and environmental resource protection, the once endangered wave fish have returned to the people's sight and table.