At present, it is the spring of March, it is the time when the weather is warm, once the weather has passed the stinging of the festival, many wintering insects are also immediately out to start foraging, of course, after the weather is warm, many flowers are also flowering, including fruit trees are also flowering, fruit trees bloom In addition to people can smell the fragrance, small insects are no exception like to smell the fragrance of flowers, with the warming of the weather, hawthorn park appeared in this group of small insects - silk pink butterflies, a butterfly that looks very beautiful, But this butterfly is indeed a pest, today we will talk about how harmful this "butterfly" is?
Recently, today, our farmers in Shandong have also begun to work in hawthorn park, what is busy? Not to catch butterflies, but to start looking for some leaves in the hawthorn tree, these leaves are not simple, inside are the larvae that live in the hawthorn roll flying saucer, the weather is getting warmer, these larvae will also come out with the weather, so this time is a good time for our growers to concentrate on killing insects. If there are more butterflies in the hawthorn park, then the hawthorn park may have to reduce production this year. Don't believe it, look down and you'll see how capable this pest is.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > what is the origin of this beautiful "butterfly"? </h1>
Hawthorn silk butterfly is a lepidoptera insect, for the pink butterfly family silk butterfly genus, we are also called apple pink butterfly here, for this hawthorn silk pink butterfly some people will say, how does a butterfly cause harm? Secondly, the butterfly is not much harm, mainly the larvae harm the hawthorn tree, from the name can also be seen, hawthorn silk powder butterfly in addition to harming the hawthorn tree, the larvae also like to infringe on a lot of fruit trees, like the fruit trees in Shandong are its targets, like pear trees, apple trees, peach trees, vines, etc., followed by some other flowering trees to harm, as long as it is a flowering tree, the larvae will be invaded, so when the spring fruit trees bloom, we must prevent this pest. Every year, orchards that do not control this pest in time will cause losses, and the degree of infestation of larvae is relatively high.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the morphological characteristics and hazard characteristics of hawthorn silk butterfly</h1>
1, the morphological characteristics of hawthorn silk butterfly
Hawthorn silk butterfly is characterized by four main forms, the adult is what we call the silk butterfly, and then there are the four forms of larvae, eggs, and pupae. The form of harm is that the fruit begins to harm during the larval stage, preferring apple trees and hawthorn trees, and sometimes when the year of insect infestation in apple trees and hawthorn trees is high, the yield reduction can reach more than 30%. Let's look at the morphology of the pest.
Adult: The adult silk pink butterfly body length is about 20-25 mm, the body length when flying is about 65-75 mm, the body is black, the 2 antennae are black, similar to the shape of a wooden stick, the wings are white and black, the texture of the pattern is similar to the wings of the cicada, the head and thorax and feet are pale yellow, the outer nodes of the forewing have black and gray triangular patterns, the scales of the forewings are different, some parts are thinner, the black patterns on the wings of the hindwings are more, and the scales are thicker than the forewings. It is yellowish-white, and the body of the silk butterfly is relatively fat, but only the female worm is fatter, and the male worm is smaller than the female.
Larvae: The larvae of the silk powder butterfly are divided into 5 age groups, the larvae that have just hatched are yellow, the body length is about 1-2 mm, the head of the larva is pale yellow, the abdomen is also pale yellow, the mountain has pale yellow villi, the early villi are relatively small, and after the 3rd instar, the larval body becomes dark brown, the larva body length at this time is about 15-25 mm, the yellow round spots and stripes on the body, after 3 years of age, it will reach the form of the mature larvae, The mature larvae are about 35-45 mm long, the head and pectoral feet, the valves are black, the back of the body has 3 black stripes, the sides of the body and the abdomen are gray, there is a small black spot on each node on both sides of the body, and the body is distributed with long yellow-white hairs.
Pupa: The length of the pupa is about 25 mm, the width is about 7 mm, the pupa is divided into two forms, one is a black pupa, one is an orange-yellow pupa, the black pupa is not all black, because the body of the black pupa is like the head, the antennae, and the place on the back of the chest are black, the other parts are also orange-yellow, but there are small black dots on the body, called black pupae, the yellow pupae are less dark spots, the rest of the body is orange-yellow, the orange-yellow pupa is smaller than the black pupa, when the larva feathers into pupae, Pupae of two colors generally appear, but orange-yellow pupae are more feathered.
Eggs: Hawthorn silk butterfly eggs are yellow, oval, about 1-1.5 mm in height, about 0.5 mm in width, when adults lay eggs, the eggs will be arranged sequentially together, forming a large egg block, there are more than 10 patterns on the egg shell, and there are 7-8 white things on the top of the egg.
2, hawthorn silk butterfly life habits
Hawthorn silk butterfly occurs once a year, the main harm is that the larvae after the age of 3 years in the hawthorn tree around the branches around the canopy, looking for leaves, and then the larvae make the leaves into a roll, the larvae will form a white cocoon in the curly leaves for wintering, each curl leaf can sometimes live several larvae, to the end of March and the beginning of April of the following year, if the weather is warmer, the larvae will appear at the end of March, and the appearance of this larva is also with the germination of the fruit tree, if the fruit tree germinates, Then the larvae appear, after the larvae appear, many larvae will gather together to harm the newly sprouted hawthorn tree, and the young larvae mainly eat the young shoots and flower buds of the hawthorn tree.
In the later stage, the larvae will be with the growth of the fruit tree changes and then invade, such as the larva to the flowering period, first nibble the leaves around the flower, and so the leaves are eaten out, the larvae in the petals and buds nibbling, the larvae are afraid of fright, if they encounter fright, they will spit silk into a nest, if they encounter rainy and windy weather on a cloudy day, the larvae will hide, wait until the weather is good and begin to continue to attack the fruit tree, the larvae mainly invade the fruit tree during the day, and rest and inactivate at night. Generally, the larvae after the age of 3 will be more harmful, because the larvae at this time are basically at the time of feathering, the amount of nibbling will increase, and the degree of harm to fruit trees is also more serious.
The larvae will basically begin to feather in early May, and the time for feathering into pupae will last until June, that is to say, from the end of March the larvae appear, if not controlled in time, the larvae will be harmful for more than 2 months, and in May the larvae will be feathered into pupae around the hawthorn tree, some will be on the branches of the trunk of the slag hawthorn tree, and some will be feathered into pupaes in the weeds around the hawthorn tree, and when the pupa is feathered, the larva will spit out white silk to make a pad in the feathered position, and then begin to pupate after peeling. Feathering into pupa time will go through about 20 days of pupal period, and then will hatch adults, some adults will appear at the end of May, some will appear in June, adult incubation time will appear mostly in the daytime, adults will immediately find the opposite sex adult tail after feathering, 2-3 days after the tail will lay eggs, each time the egg is laid, the female adult will produce 40-50 eggs, the spawning position is mostly in front of the leaves of the hawthorn tree, and the leaves that lay eggs are in the position of 2-3 meters above the ground to lay eggs. Female silk butterfly will lay about 500 eggs before death, the egg incubation period is about 15 days, the larvae hatch after the invasion of fruit trees, the larvae generally begin to overwinter in July, this time no longer harm the fruit trees, until March of the following year began to appear.
Adult insects generally start to be active during the day after hatching, after noon every day is when adult insect activities are more frequent, sunny weather activities are more, the weather is cloudy, adult insects rarely come out, adults will roost on the leaves of the orchard, adults will usually suck some plant nectar around the orchard, and some adult insects will appear in the surrounding vegetable fields, like some cruciferous vegetables are where adults like to go, adults also like to drink water, generally will be seen in the hawthorn tree park around the water source of the place to see it.
3, hawthorn silk butterfly hazard characteristics
Hawthorn silk butterfly early harm is more serious, from the hawthorn tree germination long leaves when the larvae began to carry out the harm to the hawthorn tree, until the flowering period, the larvae of this time will be concentrated together to nibble the leaves, for the occurrence of serious orchards, sometimes the larvae can reach hundreds of thousands of larvae gathered together to attack the fruit tree, when the surrounding leaves are eaten, the larvae will climb to another fruit tree for nibbling, and sometimes when the fruit tree branches that have been eaten are germinated in the later stage, the larvae are nibbled once, In the second time of nibbling, as the daily age of the larvae becomes larger, especially after the 3rd age, their food intake increases, and after the young shoots and young stems are invaded, they begin to infringe on the flower vessel, which not only causes a serious reduction in the yield of the fruit trees of the year, but also causes the fruit trees to be difficult to bear fruit in the second year, which can lead to the lack of nutrients in the fruit trees and dry up and die, so the harm of the larval stage is still relatively large.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the cause of hawthorn silk butterfly</h1>
For the current year, hawthorn silk butterfly is also increasingly harmful or relatively large, after all, the current agricultural planting is more, the selectivity of adult insects will increase, such as the vegetable planting area around the hawthorn park, or the surrounding park where other fruit trees are planted, etc., are to the hawthorn silk powder butterfly to provide a wintering place and a place to feed, after all, the hawthorn silk powder butterfly spawn is relatively large, which causes an increase in the amount of insects. Secondly, like this year, taking our Shandong region as an example, the time of insect infestation this year should be more serious, because in the winter of 2019 and the spring of this year, the rain and snow in Shandong are basically very small, so for areas like drought and little rainfall, the probability and harm of insect infestation are more serious, if the weather is still in the case of drought, then the harm to fruit trees is more serious, so this year in areas with little rain, growers must pay attention to timely prevention and control.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > control measures for hawthorn silk butterfly</h1>
1, for the prevention and control of hawthorn silk powder butterfly, we recommend physical control measures in the early stage, for measures like hawthorn park, when fertilizing fruit trees in autumn, you can take measures to kill insects in the park, the weeds around the fruit trees must be cleaned up, avoid having overwintering larvae, and burn them in time after discovery, for the artificial removal of larvae nests, it is also easier to find, some nests are hung on the branches with white silk, can be manually picked off, and then in winter and February of the following year, in the second picking of insect nests, This reduces the presence of overwintering larvae. In the later stages of insect infestation, when the larvae are in the old ripe larvae, we can artificially shake the fruit tree and let the larvae fall on their own to kill the pest.
2, the use of natural enemies and poultry for pest control, for the use of poultry for pest control, we can be on the young trees and dwarfed fruit trees in the garden stocking chickens and ducks for pest control is better, but like some of the park fruit trees are relatively high, it is not recommended to use chickens and ducks to stock insects, you can use hawthorn silk butterfly natural enemies for pest extermination, like hawthorn silk powder butterfly natural enemies are more, so that you can effectively kill insects, like vegetable powder butterfly velvet cocoon bee, butterfly golden bee, praying mantis, hunting praying bees, especially vegetable powder butterfly velvet cocoon bees must be well protected, This natural enemy can effectively parasitize the eggs of hawthorn silk butterfly, followed by birds can also kill larvae, to protect birds, for the time of natural enemies in the park, you can spray a bacillus thuringiensis in the park for pest control.
3, the drug to kill, in the spring, especially in this March, growers should be timely sprayed with drugs to control larvae, the treatment of drugs are cypermethrin emulsion, permethrin emulsion, malathion emulsion, enemy worm crystals, Leguo emulsion, the above drugs in the insect pest occurrence of the boom period should also be sprayed in time for treatment. Pests before the early 1-3 years of age, can be sprayed malathion emulsion has a better effect, the above drugs are recommended to be used alternately,
Note things: For hawthorn fruit trees that are infested by larvae in the early stage, we must spray drugs for treatment in time, and then for fruit trees that are seriously endangered, we must prune fruit trees in time, and pay attention to fertilization and spray foliar fertilizer in the later stage to restore the tree posture of hawthorn trees, especially in the autumn when applying base fertilizer, more fertilizer should be applied to fruit trees that are seriously harmful, and for gnawing on serious fruit branches, we can prune to prevent fruit trees from flowering and fruiting in the second year, and secondly, in the harm of hawthorn silk powder butterflies, Because it occurs once a year, we also have some understanding of the time of occurrence, so it is still not much difficult in prevention and control.