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Text: The heart is flying
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introduction
More than 70 years ago, China shocked the world with a shocking battle in which the weak defeated the strong and the few against the many, and the great powers saw our determination to defend our homeland.
If our ancestors had not resolutely supported North Korea under tremendous pressure, where would history have gone? Will there still be 156 items of aid, and will the mainland continue to industrialize smoothly?
Without the lesson of the 38th parallel, would the US military be cautious and cautious in the Vietnam War, and would not dare to easily cross the thunder pool?
(Korean Battlefield)
1. World War I laid the foundation for China's stability: international status and domestic economy
In 1950, the soldiers who waded through the Yalu River carried it hard in a foreign country without falling behind, laying down half a century of peace for New China. If the world had an If, we can imagine how China would develop without this war.
Before that, we must first look at the benefits brought to us by the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
First and foremost, the United States finally signed the armistice agreement: North Korea was able to preserve its territory, the US military stopped its sphere of influence at the 38th parallel and limited it to the southern part of the peninsula, and the intention to use North Korea as a springboard to dominate East Asia also became a bubble.
Even North Korea, a "small land", cannot be taken, and the United States no longer dares to easily use force to get involved in China's affairs; Its younger brothers saw that the eldest brother was defeated by himself, so he would not risk his life.
(Celebrity)
China has used its blood to secure a relatively stable surrounding environment for itself, and since then, there has never been such a large-scale foreign war for more than half a century, so it has been able to concentrate its main energies on development and construction.
Second, the war shattered the myth of invincibility created by the U.S. military since World War II with China's victory after victory and the first U.S. armistice without victory.
China, which defeated the strong with the weak, has established its international status with this brilliant record, and changed the previous situation of being discriminated against because of its weakness.
China has single-handedly demonstrated that that era is a thing of the past, setting an example for countries around the world that have suffered from imperialism.
Since then, China's prestige in the Third World has increased considerably.
(Geneva Conference)
At home, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea greatly stimulated the centripetal force of the nation. All walks of life across the country are making contributions to the front line as much as they can: fried fried noodles, donating the money they earn to the troops on national tours, going to the battlefield and writing one song after another......
The American myth was punctured by our own soldiers, so that many people's fear or admiration for the United States that they had hidden deep in their bones but unconsciously was cured at once. For a long time after that, the Chinese people were no longer afraid of this "paper tiger".
After the baptism, China's national and patriotic spirit played a huge role in its future construction: it built nuclear weapons, built railways and bridges, and the machines in factories were running at full power......
Even the captive of the Gongdelin and the unruly former high-ranking Kuomintang generals were convinced by this battle to change their minds and begin to accept the transformation in a down-to-earth manner.
Last but not least, the war was fought without leaving behind economic construction. According to our own situation and actual needs, we have carried out rigorous and scientific planning for future development, and the first five-year plan has been released since then.
(Mass solidarity)
The Soviet Union also increased its support, and in 1953 and 1954 the originally planned 50 projects were increased by 50 and 16 projects in succession, that is, 156 projects.
Its impact on China can be described as far-reaching, and in a relatively short period of time, a solid industrial foundation has been quickly laid, and the level of education has also been greatly improved.
In addition, the USSR returned the occupied mainland ports. Although the Soviet Union is large, it is very lacking in excellent ports, and the Tsarist Russia has continuously invaded the Qing Dynasty for this reason, forcibly occupying Dalian and other ports, and this time they have been returned to us.
2. IF World Front: The war is rekindled, and there will be no peace in China
If no troops had been sent back then, then these effects would have been gone, and the world line would have become:
First, the United States would annex the entire peninsula in one fell swoop, and then station troops in South Korea as it did today. As a result, China and the United States will face to face confrontation, US planes will approach or even cross the border from time to time, and China will be shrouded in the clouds of war.
(Sino-Korean world)
The next direction of the script is likely to be a large-scale invasion by the US military, and the land of China will be rekindled with war. This time the enemy is stronger than the previous ones, and I am afraid that it will last longer and be more difficult to defeat.
It can be compared to the Vietnam War, which was fought for more than ten years with the small number of troops invested by the United States and the full support of China and the Soviet Union.
But in the dimension of another world, without the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the US military would not have flinched on the 17th parallel, China itself was caught in the flames of war and had no time to take care of it, the Soviet Union could not concentrate on supporting, and North Vietnam may not be able to hold out for long at all.
Once a war breaks out, the Chinese are numerous and the resistance force is stubborn, and it is foreseeable that the United States will not be able to occupy it all, but if it wants to drive it out, I am afraid that it will have to fight another "anti-Japanese war."
Second, without the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, in which practical actions are worth a thousand words, we would still be a weak country in the international community that can be bullied by others, and we will not be able to unite the third world around us.
(Vietnam War)
At that time, we did not have a border with many of our neighbors, and some of them were in major disputes. So, will they still be as honest as they are now? Will it take advantage of the situation to invade the border?
It is certain that India will, after all, be a country that still vainly tries to occupy Xinjiang and Tibet under the time line of the time to resist US aggression and aid Korea; Even if the other small countries are not strong, no one dares to pack a ticket, and they will definitely not take action at the instigation of Europe and the United States.
At that time, India may join forces with the United States or other countries to launch a more powerful attack on China's borders. And China will have a hard time coping with the crises in all directions. Although India's combat power is so small, the constant intrusion is bound to cause huge problems on the border. If China makes a mistake, India could be turned upside down at that point.
(Indian Army)
And China will really return to the pre-liberation period.
Third, even if the best outcome is that China and the United States only have a confrontation on the border and do not really fight, China must also deploy troops in the northeast and devote its main energy to the confrontation with the United States; Without a peaceful external environment, how can we talk about economic development?
The first batch of 156 was signed in 1950, before war broke out in Korea and China was preparing to devote itself to economic expansion. However, we have been completely blocked by the West, so the Soviet Union, as the big brother of the same camp, must be able to support it with practical actions.
(Soviet specialist)
But if we hadn't taken the opportunity to send troops to North Korea, would the Soviet Union continue to build additional projects? So will the signed agreement be well executed?
The answer is obvious, no.
Who would be thankless to invest in building today where it could be blown up tomorrow? Even, in this IF world, the third world war was ignited, and it is not impossible that the Soviet Union itself is deeply involved in the flames of war in Europe and cannot take care of China.
The 156 items are mainly heavy industry, distributed in metallurgy, aviation, electronics and other industries, and FAW is a representative product of this project. Naturally, none of this will appear again.
The time for China's development will be greatly pushed back, and the people will continue to struggle in a sea of misery.
(Ruins)
Moreover, without a real victory over the United States, national pride cannot be raised and people's fear of a great power like the United States cannot be removed. Once the interior is scattered, it will be difficult to reunite again.
Lao Chiang, who dreamed of returning to the mainland, would certainly not let go of this great opportunity and would definitely cooperate with the United States. The spies he left on the mainland cooperated with an internal and external attack, and the severity of the situation may be beyond our imagination.
If we continue to develop according to these assumptions, will we be able to build a unique foundation for the development of the entire industry as we do today?
This is probably what Chairman Mao said, there will be sacrifices and losses when sending troops, but the damage that may be caused by not sending troops is even greater.
(Chiang Kai-shek)
Third, the United States is too strong and China is too weak, and the decision to send troops is difficult
Some people may say that there is nothing to assume about the established facts.
In fact, the decision-making process is difficult, and most of the discussions are full of concerns, and there are few supporters. But if Chairman Mao's determination is not strong enough, history may really turn a corner and run in another direction.
You must know that Peng Dehuai, who finally took command of the expedition, was urgently sent to Beijing to attend the meeting on October 4. Before leaving, he thought that this trip was to let him report on the construction of the northwest, and specially brought relevant plans.
After understanding the content of the meeting, this tough man who climbed the snowy mountain and gnawed the bark of the tree fell into the siege that night, and never said a word of steel, he lost sleep.
At that time, the Kim government was completely defeated, and the U.S. military and Lee's minions approached Pyongyang, and it would not be long before North Korea ceased to exist. China, which is separated by a river, will open its doors widely, fall into the dilemma of being attacked by the enemy on its belly and back, and there may be no more peace on the border.
(Left: Peng Dehuai)
As a matter of fact, ever since the United States brazenly dispatched troops to the peninsula, the people of northeastern China have begun to live a life of hiding in Tibet as soon as the air defense sirens sound. U.S. military planes frequently crossed the border and bombed with impunity when the two countries were not at war.
In doing so, they were sure that China would not dare to make a move, because the balance of power between the two sides was too great: China's industrial and agricultural output was 1/28 of that of the United States, 1/144 of its steel production, and 1/86 of its power generation...
The U.S. military is strong and has just experienced World War II, has rich combat experience, and the United States has a strong industry that can start the military industrial machine at any time; And we have just come out of the war that has lasted for 20 years, and we are poor and backward, and the contrast is too strong.
There is not enough money, there is no strong defense, how can we talk about victory? The U.S. military can easily deploy thousands of planes in North Korea, while China has just started from scratch, and the artillery fire of the units formed into armies is only 1/5 of that of the other side, let alone tanks and ships......
In the face of a huge disparity of power on paper, China must be cautious in its decision on whether to intervene; Because if we fail, the stable life we have won so hard can be gone.
(U.S. aircraft carrier)
The outside world, including the United States itself, does not believe that China has the courage and ability to send troops; On October 4, at a one-day meeting, only one or two people publicly stated that they should send troops.
It can be seen from this that the opponents we are facing are so strong that these ancestors, who have come out of countless dangers and have never feared death, will not dare to send troops lightly.
In addition, the Soviet Union, which had promised to give us all kinds of support as long as it sent troops, actually retreated at this critical juncture! The promised things have shrunk greatly, and time has dragged on.
Under such circumstances, if it were not for Chairman Mao, who stood on a strategic plane and analyzed the necessity and feasibility of defeating the United States, and if it were not for President Peng, who shouldered heavy responsibilities at a critical moment, the possibility of not sending troops to Korea to change history may not have existed.
(Chairman Mao)
Fortunately, in the end, it was decided to send troops! And, after this decision was decided, people threw out all their previous concerns, and united to win the final victory.
Resources:
LU Zhenhua. Far-reaching Soviet Union "156" aid[J].Equipment Manufacturing,2008,(Z1):117-122.
WU Xuan. The introduction and far-reaching significance of the decision to send troops to resist US aggression and aid Korea[J].Literature and History World,2021,(02):4-9.)
DU Dong. Mao Zedong's Strategic Wisdom in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea[C]//Collection of Personal Achievements of the Literature Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 2015 (I)., 2016:13.