The hot and rainy "sauna" weather mode is not only uncomfortable for people, but also for fruit trees. The management in August is a test for people and trees.
In such a climate, growers should know what technical measures are in place. Xu Mingju, a teacher and senior agronomist at the Department of Modern Agriculture at Linyi Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, said that this is especially important for the management of apple orchards.
1. The "Autumn Tiger" is fierce
In August, there are two solar terms: the beginning of autumn and the beginning of summer. Although autumn is about to begin, the apple producing areas in the province still have to face various difficulties. In particular, the "autumn tigers" with high temperatures, rains, sultry and humidity are fierce. During this period, apple trees are in the important phenological period of flower bud differentiation, medium-ripe fruit expansion and ripening, and autumn shoot growth, so the scientific management during this period is more important in the annual management of apples.
Orchard grass
Specific technical measures include autumn pruning (branch pulling), grass growth between rows or grass mulching, prevention and control of diseases and insects, leaf picking and fruit transfer, and harvesting of medium-ripe fruits.
Second, it is better to open sooner rather than later
The methods of opening angle include pulling branches, holding branches, falling branches, supporting branches, and other branches, and the most commonly used method is pulling branches. In apple tree management, branch pulling is also an effective measure to moderate the tree's growth and promote flower bud formation.
For orchards with high spindle shapes of apples, fruit farmers should pay more attention to the work of pulling branches, as shown in the picture of the pulling effect
Pulling the branches and opening the corners should be carried out early. The earlier the branches are pulled, because the branches are thinner, the operation is relatively easy; The early opening angle is also conducive to speeding up the formation of fruiting branches; And the early the fruit, of course, the grower can also realize the early profit. Therefore, from the first year after planting, the grower needs to pull the branches and open the horns. It is best to use it from late July to early August.
During this period, for 3-5-year-old young trees and trees at the early fruiting stage, the main branch and large auxiliary branch angle should be smaller, and the fruit grower should continue to implement branch opening. For the new cultivation mode - apple high spindle shape of fruit trees, fruit farmers should pay more attention to the work of pulling branches in time.
3. How to prevent and control frequent pests and diseases?
The main pests and diseases faced by apple trees in summer and autumn are leaf blight, brown spot, spotted defoliation, red spider, leaf roller, leaf miner, apple cotton aphid, etc. For these diseases, the slightest carelessness in prevention and control may cause a large area of defoliation, thereby seriously weakening the tree and causing considerable losses.
Affected by the disease, the leaves of the apple tree dry up and fall
Taking brown spot disease as an example, if there is no awareness of prevention in the early stage of this disease, fruit farmers neglect to prevent it in the middle and late stages, and do not do a good job of spraying and preventing the disease in June, July and August, it is easy to have the phenomenon of "July (month) disease and August (month) fall and September (month) flooding".
In addition, spotted defoliation often infects young apple leaves. This disease is mostly infected in the early stage of spring shoot growth and the early stage of autumn shoot growth, and the onset of the disease is very fast, resulting in defoliation.
To prevent and control these two diseases, fruit farmers should pay attention to strengthening soil, fertilizer and water management to achieve a reasonable load on fruit trees, so as to enhance tree potential. On the basis of cleaning the orchard, it is also necessary to pay attention to the protection of the cutting and sawing edges and the prevention work in the early stage. These details must not be careless in production.
Before the rainy season comes, fruit farmers can also take 1:2:200 times the amount of zinc-copper Bordeaux solution (i.e., copper sulfate, zinc sulfate 1 part, quicklime 2 parts, 200 water parts) 1-2 times; In the middle and late stages, tebuconazole, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, etc., can be sprayed alternately to effectively prevent and control early defoliation diseases such as brown spot disease and spotted defoliation.
In hot weather, fruit farmers should pay attention to the prevention and control of physiological diseases such as yellow leaves and fruit sunburn caused by poor tree stress resistance
In hot weather, fruit farmers should pay attention to the prevention and control of physiological diseases such as yellow leaves and fruit sunburn caused by poor stress resistance of trees. At the same time, pests such as hawthorn leaf mite and two-spotted leaf mite are also prone to rampant damage, and fruit farmers can control them once by spraying 1.8% avermectin aqueous emulsion, nisolan and other acaricide mixtures. In orchards where apple cotton aphids occur severely, fruit farmers should remove insect tips and spray imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate mixture for control. In the initial occurrence period of leaf curling moth and leaf miner moth, fruit farmers can choose to spray 1% emamectin saline 1500 times 1-2 times.
In August, most of the apple producing areas in our province gradually increase the rainfall at the same time, even rain, hail, wind and other natural disasters may occur, in this regard, fruit farmers should also make preparations for disaster prevention, disaster resistance and mitigation in advance.
Article source: Rural Mass Daily