"Learning to strengthen the country" Huzhou learning platform, Huzhou release, Huzhou Evening News, love Huzhou jointly launched the column "Huzhou Taste", through personal memory and research to restore the city scene, showing Huzhou's style, flavor, atmosphere and demeanor at all stages of history. In addition to invitations, netizens are also welcome to submit articles, and the remuneration is excellent. Manuscripts can be sent to [email protected], please write "Huzhou taste" on the subject.
The full text is 4325 words, about 25 minutes to read
"Taste of Huzhou" Invited Author: Song Gaowen
Submission email: [email protected]
Editor's note: The Cultural Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee proposed that new breakthroughs have been made in creating a golden business card of Zhejiang's history and culture represented by Song Yun culture.
From the late Tang Dynasty to the Wuyue period, the arc-shaped lake shoreline of The South Taihu Lake was formally formed, and a large number of farmland water conservancy projects were built, and the pattern of Hengtang longitudinal water was basically formed, laying the foundation for the comprehensive and in-depth development of the lowlands of the two Song Dynasties. The reclamation of land around the lake has appeared in the Tang Dynasty, but the real large-scale development of polders was in the two Song Dynasties, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, "the western Zhejiang weitian is facing each other, all thousands of acres, pi tang is desecrated, all are fields", showing the scene of "shi narrow people's domain, the fields are not cultivated", "there is no land of no ploughing", "there is no open land in the four suburbs, and the fields are known as fields". In the successive generations of water conservancy, intensive cultivation, and sericulture and fish farming, Huzhou people have developed a hard-working character, and Wu Yong of the Song Dynasty quoted the proverb: "'Su Lake is ripe, the world is enough', and diligence is also caused." Gao Sid also said: "Its ripeness is also, and the Ueda mu harvests five or six stones, so the proverb 'SuHu is ripe, the world is full', although the anointing of its field is also exhausted by manpower." Both Wu Gao and Gao stressed that this was "caused by diligence" and "the exhaustion of manpower", which fully affirmed the creativity of the people of Huzhou. Jiatai's "Wu Xingzhi" says that "Emperor Gaozong's residence in Lin'an was actually a county of Xingdu Auxiliary County, weathered first, and Yingjie was born first." The winner of the Sifang Shi Dafu Le Shan Shui, Ding lai Bu Ju", the Yuan "Yuwen Gong Forgiveness Record" also said that "from the fifth season of Tang Geng to song Nandu, Wu Xing went to Song Xingdu nearest, Anda and Xia Ershui ran through the county city, the princes of Song, Zhong Mingding food, di di looked at each other, boats and cars came and went, and fireworks connected." It can be said that the economic foundation of "Suhu is ripe, the world is enough" has achieved the reputation of the southeastern cultural state of Huzhou.
In the near future, we will invite relevant research scholars to introduce Song Yun Huzhou in a comprehensive and three-dimensional way from the aspects of ideology, system, economy, society, people's lives, literature and art, etc., and better display the value and charm of Song Yun culture in Huzhou.
Hu Pu is one of the famous "Thirty-six Bridges of Taihu Lake", the single-hole stone arch bridge across Hu Pu is named "Shuzhong Bridge", and there are Yang lian on both the north and south sides, of which there is "East Wu Xiyue Daojin Liang" on the south side, and "The bridge divides Jiangsu and Zhejiang with the middle name", with simple text, accurately pointing out the unique geographical orientation of Hu Hu between Su Lake. Hu Yu is named after The Northern Song Dynasty educator and theorist Hu Yu, who has long been running schools in Suhu. Hu Pu has Ningshou Temple, "the temple does not know what dynasty, or Hu Anding Gong Villa, the descendants rebuilt it into a temple, the zhishu does not contain, it does not dare to believe, look at the double cypress in front of the court, can be counted, then it is not known in modern times." Hu Yan taught huzhou for 12 years, divided into two subjects, righteousness and affairs, and his disciples numbered to thousands, which was called "lake learning".
Hu Yu entered the lake mouth
Hu Shu described the middle bridge
Hu Yan (993-1059), a native of Hailing, Taizhou. Because of his residence in An and Shaanxi, posterity mostly called him "Mr. Anding". Hu Yu "seven years old good to belong to the text, thirteen through the Five Classics, that is, the sages themselves wished." The neighbor's father saw it differently, and said to his father: 'This son is a great instrument, very child!' The family was poor and self-sufficient, and went to Mount Tai, with Sun Mingfu and Shi Shoudao's classmates, attacked and ate bitterly, did not sleep all night, and sat for ten years without returning. In the letter of the winner, there is the word 'peace' on it, that is, thrown into the stream, not to be reexposed, and I am afraid that it will disturb the heart. "Such diligent efforts and dedication to school have always been a beautiful talk in the history of Chinese education." In order to carry forward this spirit of diligent and diligent study, later generations named the stream where he had submitted a letter to his family as "TouShu Jian", and erected a stone stele on the side of the stream, which read "Hu Anding Referendum Book Office".
Portrait of Mr. Hu
Hu Yu was an important figure in the brewing period of the Song Dynasty, and together with Sun Fu and Shi Jie, he was called Mr. Song Chusan. Hu Yan adhered to the simple materialism and opposed the idealism, believing that "those who are destined are born to heaven, and those who are sexual are destined to be in me", which was the precursor to the study of life in Song Confucianism. With the traditional Confucian ethics as the core, boldly questioning, self-reliance and new solutions, and opening up the Song Dynasty's righteous theory and easy to learn. Comprehensively expounding the internal relationship between sex, fate, heaven, man, politics, and religion, and forming a theory of life with individual characteristics, occupies an important position in the history of ancient Chinese thought. The "Case of Song Yuanxue" written by Quan Wangzu in the Qing Dynasty said: "The prosperity of the Song Dynasty's scholarship was the first of All Anding and Taishan, and Mr. Cheng and Zhu Er all thought so. The "Anding Taishan" referred to in the text, because hu yan lectured in the early Song Dynasty was called the southern school in the south, and Sun Fu and Shi Jie lectured in the north called the northern school, also known as the Taishan school. "Mr. Cheng and Zhu Er" refers to Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. Among them, Cheng Yi was a student of Hu Yi and Zhu Xi was a student of Cheng Yi. Huang Zongxi's "Song Yuanxue Case" was the first one of which was "Hu Yanxue Case".
Statue of Hu Yan on the site of Anding College
Hu Yixian was invited by Fan Zhongyan to run a school in Suzhou Prefecture, and accumulated valuable experience for him to successfully preside over the Huzhou Prefecture School and establish the fenzhai teaching system. In the second year of the Qing calendar (1042), Hu Yu was 50 years old, "Teng Zong forgave Huzhou and was hired as a professor. Mr. Advocates Righteous Learning and Leads by Example. Although it is in full swing, it will be served in the hall and the ceremony of the disciples will be strict. They regard all beings as sons, and they love and respect them as fathers and brothers, and there are often hundreds of people who travel from them." Hu Yu presided over the Huzhou State School for 12 years, and put forward the most reasonable saying that "those who rule the world are in talent, those who become talented in the world are indoctrinated, and those who are indoctrinated are in school". After they completed their studies, they taught each other what they had learned, and "after several years of practice, the people of the southeast did not learn from benevolence, righteousness, and liturgy," which played a positive role in changing the pompous atmosphere of one-sided advocating words among the scholars at that time. In the fourth year of the Qing calendar (1044), the imperial court opened the Tianzhang Pavilion, built a Taixue Yujingshi, and sent people to "take the law of Mr. Xiahuzhou, thinking that it was too to learn the law", which was called "Qingli Xingxue".
The relics of Anding Academy, "Imperial Song Zhou Xuebaozun", are inscribed with honor
In the first year of the Emperor's reign (1049), on the recommendation of Fan Zhongyan, Hu Yu was summoned to the Imperial Household Officiation. During the period of Taixue's teaching, "his disciples benefited the people", "the rebbe tribute, the old man, and the disciples of Mr. Ten lived in the fourth and fifth". His students, in words and deeds, "encountered by people, although they do not know, they are all known as disciples of Yao", and his high-footed disciple Cheng Yi often said to people, "All scholars from Mr. Anding, their mellow and easy temperament can be known at a glance." Emperor Shenzong called Hu Yu "Mr. Zhen", and in the fourth year of emperor 's reign ( 1052 ) , he served as a priest at Guanglu Temple and a supervisor of The State Son. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), he was promoted to the post of Prince Zhongyun and His Excellency Tianzhang, and continued to teach in Taixue until "sickness could not be dynasty", and Dr. Taichang was awarded to shi. After he left the school, "on the day of his return to the East, the students of Taixue and the Magi and the Magi sent the Disciple Ceremony to the East Gate, and passers-by sighed and were proud." Jiayou died of illness in Hangzhou on June 6, 1059, at the age of 67. The following year, on October 5, he was buried in the Heshan Cemetery in the south of Huzhou City.
The Hu Yan Cemetery in autumn
The core of Hu Yan's "Lake Studies" thought is "Bright Body", "Body" original meaning is Confucian traditional morality, "use" original meaning for governance. "Bright body" is "bright book", the basis of being a person, the basis of doing things, and the basis of learning; "reaching the use" means "practice", learning has been gained, learning has been strong, and learning has been applied. The most simple and easy-to-understand explanation of the idea of "Ming Body Use" is that theory must be combined with practice in order to make the knowledge learned play a role, and "Ming Body Use" is to organically combine scripture and righteousness with governance. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, school education and selection of talents have been based on the selection of scriptures and words. This method of election can not understand the will of the sages, but also lacks the truth of morality and virtue, and even less can have the real ability and ability to govern the country. Cai Xiang wrote in the "Epitaph of Dr. Taichang to Shi Hujun" that Hu Yan often "suffered from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, shijin Shangwen and left behind the scriptures, and Gou Luli". Education is not only for the purpose of examination and obtaining meritorious names, but to cultivate talents who are proficient in both Confucian classics and can be used in practice.
In order to implement his educational ideology of "bright body and use", Hu Yu founded the teaching method of fenzhai teaching. The "History of song and Electoral Chronicle" says: "Anding Hu Yu set up teachings in Su and Hujian for more than twenty years, and the world was still endowed with words, and the lake learning was independent of the righteousness of the zhishi zhai, in order to study in a down-to-earth manner. "Regarding the teaching of fenzhai, Zhang Wei of the Southern Song Dynasty has introduced it in more detail, "Mr. Anding has been teaching in Suhu lake for more than 20 years since the Qing calendar, and there are thousands of disciples before and after shu. It is the time when Fang Shang resigns, and Duhu Studies takes the scriptures and affairs as the first, so there are Scriptures and Righteousness and Governance Matters in the study. Those who fast through righteousness choose to dwell in those who have a facility; those who fast, each person governs one thing, and one thing at the same time, such as border defense, water conservancy, and so on. Therefore, the world is called Lake Learning Hidehiko. It is often taken from the top, and for the government, it is more suitable for the world." Huang Zongxi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, summed up Hu Yan's experience, "The method of teaching people is well-known, and the scriptures are established and the two fasts are governed." The Scriptures choose those who are sparse in their hearts and have the means to do great things, so that they can explain the Six Classics. The ruler is one person who governs one thing at a time, and one thing at the same time. For example, to govern the people to be safe and live, to talk about martial arts to be crowned, to weir water to be litian, and to calculate the law to count the numbers. And both culture and military, generalists and specialists are both balanced." Huang Zongxi inherited the mantle of Hu Yan's "Bright Body Attainment", and created a new style of study that was practiced by the scholars.
Wu Qian's complete works
The teaching of Fenzhai is the core and essence of "lake studies", breaking the old rules and old habits, and formally incorporating practical natural sciences such as water conservancy, arithmetic, and military science such as "governing soldiers, governing the people, water conservancy, and arithmetic" into the teaching system of official studies, juxtaposed with Confucian classics, and taught at the same time. "Confucianism flourishes in the southeast, starting from lake learning", this kind of sub-education, only "lake learning" all, "so the world is called lake learning is excellent". Many of the Keju scholars who have gone out of Huzhou are experts in water conservancy projects. Wu Qianjiading ten years (1217) and the first, and then twice into the phase, for the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty famous courtiers, when he was in charge of Ningbo, the county's waterways, sluices, reservoirs carried out large-scale renovation and connection, but also set up China's earliest hydrological observation station is the Water Pavilion. Yan Zhenzhi, Hongwu twenty-eight years (1395), presided over the reopening of the Lingqu in Xing'an County, Guangxi, "judging the terrain, guiding the Xiang and Li rivers, dredging canals more than 5,000 zhang, building more than 150 zhang of the earthen embankment of the Pond and the Ancestral Hall of the Dragon Mother, adding more than 150 stones to the high school river, building 36 steep gates, chiseling those who hinder the boats of the beach stones, and transporting them to the water." Pan Jitao served four times as the prime minister of the river capital during the Jiajing and Wanli years, was responsible for the management of the Yellow River and canals for more than ten years, put forward the theories of "harnessing water to attack sand" and "storing clearing and brushing yellow", and comprehensively solved the problems of yellow, Huai, and transportation. Huzhou scholars, who seem to be weak in literature, know soldiers, understand soldiers, and can use soldiers. Qian Zhenming Jiajing thirty years (1559) jinshi, "insight into the world's border passes and dangers are appropriate", "in case of generous discussion, a lot of Yi'a". Mao Yuanyi was a famous firearms expert in the late Ming Dynasty, who knew the ancient and modern military strategies and the situation in the Nine-Sided Ersai, compiled 240 volumes of the "Wu Bi Zhi", served as an aide to Sun Luzong, resisted the Jin Dynasty, and obtained the essentials of planning and advice. In modern times, many keju families in Huzhou quickly and successfully transformed, and Qian Ke of the Baoshan Qian clan became a famous diplomat in the late Qing Dynasty, and his brother Qian Xuantong became a pioneer of writing reform and one of the standard-bearers of the new cultural movement, and Qian Xuantong's son Qian Sanqiang became the founder of China's atomic energy science cause. Zhang Hongzhao of the Hagi port Zhang clan, at the age of 21, was admitted to xiucai, and then focused on researching science, becoming one of the founders of China's geological cause. Hu Yan's method of dividing subjects and dividing teaching is seven or eight hundred years earlier than the teaching of disciplines in European universities until the rise of capitalism. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the upsurge of xingxuetang and reform of the academy, the teaching system of Hu Yan was valued by the society again, and it was re-proposed as an ideal teaching system.
Panji tamed the river
Embankment works created by Pan JiTao
In the fifth year of Xi Ning (1072), Hu Yu's disciple Sun Jue was appointed as the governor of Huzhou, and the Shangshu imperial court asked permission to build a shrine for Mr. Hu Anding in Huzhou, and Emperor Shenzong of Song issued an edict to set the Spring and Autumn Festival, and gave the inscription "Learn from Emperor Kong Meng, teach Su Lake." There is a body useful, Sven model". According to the Yuan Dynasty's "Anding Academy Yanju Tang Ming", in the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1246), The Zhizhou Shi Cai Jie was rebuilt into the Anding Academy. In the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293), Xu Shi, the chief manager of Huzhou Road, could move the Anding Academy to the northwest of Luzhi Guandefang, and expand the scale of the academy, and build 50 new ancestral houses. Ming Xuande's initial capital Yushi patrolled Zhejiang, that is, the original site was rebuilt, and then repeatedly rebuilt. Looking back at the millennium, Anding Academy has undergone several changes in the ups and downs of the times, and the prosperity and glory of the Northern Song Dynasty have mostly been annihilated with the rotation of history, and now only a place name of Anding Academy is left for us today. Only the essence of Hu Yan's "bright body" lake science, although it has been tempered by years, is still flourishing.
Ming Mao Yuanyi "Wu Bi Zhi"
On the fifth day of the fifth month of October in the fifth year of Song Jiayou (10560), Hu Zhigeng," the eldest son of Hu Yan, "buried the plains of Wucheng He Shan". Hu Yan's tomb is located, surrounded by mountains on three sides, pine trees and lush greenery, the scenery is elegant, Su Shiyun "dojo peak He Mountain foothills, shangcheyun peak under the valley", He Shan Valley refers to this. Today's restored tomb of Hu Yu consists of a tomb, a platform, Shinto, a torii, an arch bridge, and a hall of enjoyment. At the entrance of Hu Yu's tomb, there is a stone workshop with the inscription "Mr. Hu Anding Shinto", and the two stone pillars in the middle are engraved with a bang: "Qianqiu Yangdoushan Chongfeng Table; Behind the stone square, on one side is the "Xiangtang" and on the other side is the statue of Hu Zhen. The cemetery is about 200 meters long, and the cypress is solemn and solemn. At the end is a hill, and the tomb is built on the mountain. The cemetery is divided into three steps, built of yellowstone, with a wide stone staircase in the middle. The third stage platform has a curved stone wall, and in the middle is a circular stone tomb, and the top of the tomb is green and grassy, which is quite vibrant. The tombstone is inscribed with a line of italics "Tomb of Anding Wen Zhao Hu Gong".
Worshippers draped the statue of Hu Yu in front of the tomb with a red ribbon
Standing on the silent cemetery and looking around, green mountains, jagged green trees, babbling streams, uninhabited, only insects and birds whispering. At this time, I remembered the praise of many people in the Song Dynasty, Andi Wang Anshi's "Book gift to Hu Yizhi" said: "Kong Meng's death is far away, and he believes in his holiness and sages, and he questions the books." When Mr. Yizhi and Yu were merged, they were not far away", putting Hu Yan and Kong Meng on the same footing. Ouyang Xiu has a poem praising: "Mr. Wu Xing is rich in morality, and his children are all wise." Wang Anshi also praised: "First take Mr. Liang Dong, and then clean up the scepter and the hammer." Su Shi, who had been the prefect of Huzhou, personally went to the tomb and wrote the poem "The Tomb of Mr. Gurudwara and Anding": "Wei Zhao Anding Sou, Advocate Dao and Jing." Deep understanding of the consistent purpose, the use of the body to teach all beings. Teach each of them in different categories, and make the best of their talents. It is made into a scepter and a hammer, and the use of good bandits is light. Therefore, Su Hushi is still famous. I have come to honor the lake. ”
The long pine and cypress tomb road behind the Arch of Hu Yu's tomb
The statue of Hu Yan in the snow has a different kind of temperament
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Source: Huzhou Release
Draft: Zhang Chihong
Editor: Jin Zhenyao
See beautiful China in Huzhou
Healthy walking, celebrating National Day
Photography: Zhang Bolu
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