In "Those Things of the Ming Dynasty", the author Mingyue believes that Zhu Yuanzhang gave himself the name after joining the Red Turban Army, which means "Jie Yuanzhang", which means to kill the tyrannical Yuan. At that time, Mingyue also said that Zhu Yuanzhang's family almost all starved to death due to the decadent rule of the Yuan Dynasty, so he deeply hated the Yuan Dynasty. ???? At present, some people think that Zhu Yuanzhang loves the Yuan Dynasty, thanks the Yuan Dynasty, and opposes the views of Mingyue that year, and his argument is nothing more than the "Ding Ugly Issued the Edict of the Peaceful Desert in the World" in the "Yuanben Peasant Family, Happy to Be Born in the World of Youyuan.". The King of Gengshen, absurd and weak, Ji Gang was defeated. From the merger of Haojie, the sea was divided, although the Yuan soldiers were out of chaos, and this Providence was also.". They also pointed out that Zhu Yuanzhang's family actually died of illness, and the Yuan Dynasty should not bear any responsibility, and if you travel back and say that Zhu Yuanzhang hates the Yuan Dynasty, you will be skinned by Zhu Yuanzhang. Is this the case?
▲Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
In Leng Yan's previous article "What did Fang Xiaoru do?" Zhu Di: With his position as a pen holder, Shuo had to curse him for the Ten Tribes! It has already been mentioned that the "Letter of the Kingdom of Goryeo by Zhu Yuanzhang" claims that "Yuan is not my kind, he has been in China for more than a hundred years, the heavens are tired of his obscenity, and he also uses his life to kill him", and "Zhu Yuanzhang promulgated the Edict on the Revitalization of Literature and Education in the World", which also declares - "Since Hu Yuan entered China, Yi Di has been fishy, polluting China, schools are ruined, and people's discipline is ruined... Hu Yuan entered China, scorned etiquette, Yi Lun was very troubled, and Heaven was disgusted." It can be seen that Ming Taizu was not very willing to recognize the orthodoxy of the Yuan Dynasty in his heart, and the reason for the superficial recognition was out of the needs of the united front, which was political propaganda, not to mention that many scholars who grew up under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty also missed the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang's appointment to argue that the Yuan Dynasty was an unorthodox Fang Xiaoru of the pseudo-dynasty was one of the orphans and heavy subjects, which proved that he did not love the Yuan Dynasty much. So, Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and brother died of illness at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty government had no responsibility for this? In this regard, we will talk about the plague at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, which is not widely known. The plague occurred at the same time as the Black Death in Europe, so there is speculation circulating from Europe.
▲ The stills of Emperor Wonshun in the Korean TV series "Empress Qi" reigned for thirty-five years (1333 to 1368), which is the most epidemic period in the history of the Yuan Dynasty, and the history books record as many as twelve times. On average, there is an epidemic every three years, and countless people have died. By the late Shun Emperor, there was an epidemic almost every year. Of course, only some of them are up to the level of the pandemic. Summarizing the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, two natural disasters and eight man-made disasters. Plague is part of natural disasters. In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, the temperature dropped and there were more disasters, resulting in the death of people, which was a natural disaster. However, the Yuan Dynasty, which was established for a hundred years, has decayed to the extreme, the bureaucracy is tyrannical, the gentry are cruel, and the people are still sucking the marrow, while the disaster relief activities of the imperial court are weak and the execution is extremely poor, which is a man-made disaster.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the governance of the Yellow River was extremely rough. Wang Yun, a Yuanren, once wrote a poem saying that "the embankment is not discussed for forty years, and the river is moving in vain", showing the Yuan Dynasty's carelessness in the governance of the Yellow River. The river supervisors used in the Yuan Dynasty often did not understand water conservancy and had a low level, according to records: "There is no one who knows the interests of the river." Although they arrive every year, called river patrol, they answer stories and ask about the height of the terrain, but they do not know; the benefits of visiting the water are not habitual. There is no real talent, and there is no practice. Or to stir up trouble in vain, to work for the people to move the masses, to obstruct the water, and to turn it into a hindrance." Therefore, the Yellow River broke and flooded in the Yuan Dynasty, far better than the previous generation. In terms of relief for the victims, the Yuan Dynasty, which had a rough and long-term financial deficit, was also unable to do a good job, and the huge damage of the flooding of the Yellow River aggravated the hollowing out of the population in the north.
▲ Jia Luzhi River until the eve of the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Shun Emperor ordered the water control expert Jia Lu to vigorously control the Yellow River, this time the effect is better, but due to the long-term poor management in the past, this major project costly, extremely heavy labor, "the dead pillow through the Road, mourning in the sky", and indiscriminate printing of money to pay, causing serious inflation throughout the country, the people do not have a good life, but accelerated the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. And the plague problem is by no means unique to the Yuan Shun Emperor's dynasty. The cold weapons institute's previous article "Plunging the whole of Europe into darkness, why did the Black Death imported from the East not have a large-scale outbreak in China?" It has already been pointed out that after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, the management of all of China was sparse, the control of the local area was weak, and it relied on an unreliable gentry class for disease prevention and control work.
"Research on the Geographical Law and Environmental Mechanism of epidemic history in the Yuan Dynasty" believes that during the reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1260-1368), the overall epidemic frequency was 61.84%, and more than 60 years in the century were in the epidemic outbreak period, and the affected area spread throughout the country. This frequency is higher than recorded in the "History of the Yuan", and the local small and medium-scale plagues recorded in documents such as Fang Zhi should be calculated, but there is no doubt that the epidemic prevention measures of the Yuan Dynasty have been fatally retrogressed relative to the Song Dynasty.
In the book "Epidemic and Prevention of Plague in the Song Dynasty", Professor Han Yi discussed in detail the understanding of the plague and the establishment of the epidemic prevention mechanism of the Song Dynasty government, the measures taken by the Song Dynasty government to prevent and control the plague in Zhuluzhou County, the measures taken by the Song Dynasty government to prevent and control the plague in the army, the measures taken by the Song Dynasty government to prevent and control livestock diseases, and the understanding and prevention of the plague by Song Dynasty physicians, religious figures and ordinary people. Obviously, there are epidemic prevention measures of the Song Dynasty, including both the government's top-down epidemic prevention system and the non-governmental epidemic prevention system, with a complete and strict structure, because with the Song Dynasty, the frequency of plague and the casualties caused by the epidemic are low. Until the Qing Dynasty, some people commented that "there is a Song generation that pays the most attention to medicine."
▲ The song dynasty official pharmacy was very prosperous
Obviously, although the scale of the plague at the end of the Yuan Dynasty was not as large as the plague at the end of the Ming Dynasty 300 years later, the climate became colder and the grain production was reduced at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, which was far less than that of the late Ming Xiaoice period that lasted for nearly a hundred years. It is precisely because of the decadent and lenient management of the Yuan Dynasty that the people are affected by disasters and cannot be relieved, people are plagued and cannot be medicated, and the fields are not harvested, and the officials and gentry who demand rent are still persecuted.
It was under such circumstances that Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and brothers were yellow and thin, malnourished, and lacked resistance due to the dark rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty did not take effective measures to control the spread of the plague and distribute drugs for treatment, resulting in Zhu Yuanzhang almost dying, and he could only embark on the road of begging alone. Let me ask you, may Zhu Yuanzhang not have a grudge against the Yuan Dynasty, or even love it from the bottom of his heart? Later, Zhu Yuanzhang said that the Yuan Dynasty lost the world to be lenient, and it was precisely because of the lenient rule of the Yuan Dynasty that the Mongol nobles and local tyrants and gentry gave and did whatever they wanted, resulting in the people suffering from pain and misery, and calling the heavens should not be called the earth. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang emphasized that "the Yuan lost the world with leniency, the salvation was fierce, and the villains were happy to be wide", hoping to correct the corrupt atmosphere through the strict administration of Zheng Zi's production.
▲ In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Guoming Xiangzichan Confucius once commented on the strict administration of the sub-production, saying: "Good and good, the government is wide and the people are slow, slow is to correct the fierce, fierce is the people's disability, the remnants are generous, the leniency is to be fierce, the fierce is to be wide, and the government is to be harmonious." Then Zhu Yuanzhang ruled the country with fierceness, and he belonged to the benevolent prince Zhu Biao, which was in line with Confucian teachings. It was only Zhu Biao's early death, and Zhu Yunjiao's arrogance to lose the country, which led to Zhu Di, who was still keen on fierce government, to ascend to the throne, which was not something that Zhu Yuanzhang could predict.
This article is the original manuscript of the Cold Weapons Research Institute. The original outline of the editor-in-chief and the author Hai Yuntian, any media or public account shall not be reproduced without written authorization, and the offender will be investigated for legal responsibility.