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On May 8, the mainland's Chang'e-6 probe successfully entered orbit around the moon, and then will land on the far side of the moon in the South Pole-Aitken basin with the assistance of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite. This feat will achieve the feat of sampling the far side of the moon for the first time in human history.
Chang'e-6's main mission is to carry out sampling work, so how did it accomplish this mission? What challenges and difficulties will it encounter during its flight? Chang'e-6's core mission is to collect samples. How does it do it? What challenges will it face during its flight journey? These challenges can include complex atmospheric environments, extreme climatic conditions, and the possibility of equipment failures. In the face of these difficulties, how Chang'e-6 will respond and successfully complete its mission is the focus of our attention.
[Chang'e No. 6]
The Moon is a satellite of the Earth, and it has an important place in human civilization. While we can always see a side of the Moon, which prevents us from fully understanding it, this is actually due to the tidal locking between the Earth and the Moon. This phenomenon keeps the moon facing us on the same side, making it impossible for us to see the other side of it. This property also makes people curious and imaginary about the moon.
In recent decades, the exploration of the moon has been launched on a global scale. Countries have successfully launched satellites and probes orbiting the Moon in order to learn more about the Moon. However, communication and data transmission on the far side of the Moon is a very complex challenge. Real-time communication with the ground is not easy to achieve. This work has brought many challenges and problems, which still require continuous efforts and in-depth research.
Because one side of the moon is always mysterious, if the Chang'e-6 probe chooses to land on the far side of the moon, it may be obscured by the moon itself, making it impossible to send signals and communicate directly to Earth in real time. In this case, the probe can only rely on relay satellites to relay information. This is due to the characteristics of the Moon.
In order to ensure that Chang'e-6 can communicate smoothly on the far side of the moon, the mainland deliberately launched the relay Xingqueqiao-2 as a pre-preparation. The satellite successfully provided the necessary communication functions for the subsequent Chang'e-6 mission. In this way, we can smoothly establish a solid communication system on the other side of the moon. In line with the previously mentioned theme of "Chang'e-6 and communication technology", the launch of the relay Xingqueqiao-2 is actually a very important preliminary layout. Its existence acts as a bridge of communication, allowing the far side of the Moon and the Earth to connect and communicate with each other. Such well-designed technical steps ensure the perfection and smoothness of the communication function. This advanced technological arrangement has enabled the mainland to make substantial progress in its space program. In this way, the continent has initially achieved the goal of establishing stable communications on the far side of the moon, laying a solid foundation for future space exploration. At the same time, this move also demonstrates the strength and determination of the mainland in space exploration and communication technology. Through continuous efforts and research and development, we look forward to making more breakthroughs and achievements in the field of aerospace in the future.
The U.S. has a long history of space programming, and its many attempts to explore the moon and successful landings on the surface of the moon have demonstrated their excellent exploration skills. However, this does not mean that their task is easy. In fact, the landing mission of Chang'e-6 on the mainland is the most difficult in the world, and it will be the first time in human history that no one has explored the far side of the moon. This means that we are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Overall, while the United States has extensive experience in lunar exploration, the landing of our Chang'e-6 on the far side of the moon remains a major technical challenge.
The total weight of the Chang'e-6 probe reached eight tons. Among them, its orbiter acts as a safe passage to ensure that Chang'e-6 can travel smoothly between the Earth and the Moon. When it comes to landers, they are designed to allow the probe to land safely on the far side of the moon and collect lunar soil. As for the ascent, its role is to protect those precious samples. Finally, the returner is responsible for bringing the collected lunar soil back to Earth safely. The entire detector is designed for scientific research and exploration.
At present, the only rocket needed by the mainland to carry out the Chang'e-6 launch mission is the "Fat Five" - the Long March 5 rocket, without which the Chang'e probe would not be able to ascend into space. This rocket is the only option to send Chang'e-6 into space.
【Antarctica-Aitken Basin】
What is the special reason for choosing the Aitken Basin in Antarctica? What makes it unique?
The Aitken Basin at the South Pole is one of the largest impact craters on the Moon, with a staggering 2,400 kilometers in diameter, making it the oldest and most extensive basin known today. Compared to other landforms on the surface of the moon, it appears more ancient and deep. Not only is it a valuable window into the history of the moon, but it is also a great place for us to explore the mysteries of the far side of the moon.
Based on the research, scientists speculate that about 3.9 billion years ago, there may have been a basin on Earth called Antarctica-Aitken. The occurrence of this topography has key evidentiary value for the formation and evolution of the Moon, which may provide important clues for us to unravel the mystery of the Moon's origin.
On the moon, there is still the oldest "soil". Every time the Chang'e-6 probe excavates soil, it could be an important clue to our understanding of the moon's past. For us, this place is even more crucial because it holds the potential to solve the mysteries of the moon's history. Every grain of soil may reveal the secrets of the moon and take our knowledge one step further.
In addition to the outstanding scientific value, the local geography is also a key factor for us to consider.
At the southern tip of the moon, light is particularly energetic. In most places, the light intensity is very high, up to more than 96%. With this kind of light, the temperature remains stable, neither too cold nor abruptly changing. Basically, the temperature here is maintained at about minus 60 degrees Celsius.
Although there are areas of the moon that are not exposed to sunlight all year round, scientists believe that there may be water ice in its interior. With enough water, people may be able to build habitats on the moon. Especially in the Antarctic region of the Moon, it is considered the best place to establish a habitat. Because the environmental conditions here are relatively stable, it is conducive to the needs of human survival and development.
According to the above conditions, many countries want to establish a base at the south pole of the moon, and the mainland is one of them, with the same will and plans.
Although the establishment of a base at the south pole of the moon is still a distant dream, it is always good to have such a dream, after all, there is still a dream, and maybe one day it will come true.
For the sake of future base construction, it is beneficial to know more about the situation at the south pole of the moon. Because the geological conditions are one of the key factors in choosing the right site to build a base. Therefore, the mainland's Chang'e-4 and Chang'e-6 spacecraft chose to land at the south pole of the moon in the hope of exploring and understanding the geological conditions there in detail. This is one of the reasons why we have a deep understanding of the geographical location and environment of the moon's south pole.
[What is the difficulty of Chang'e-6 "digging"]
In the Chang'e-6 mission, sample collection is a key link. The collector had to withstand the high temperatures on the lunar surface, and the probe had to face a number of challenges, including limitations in terms of measurement and control communications, lighting conditions, and power supply. In order to ensure that the sampling task runs smoothly, we need to overcome these difficulties and challenges.
In addition to other challenges, choosing the right treatment can be challenging. For this reason, the scientists specially conducted in-depth discussions with geologists. After much deliberation, they finally decided to employ two "digging" techniques, robotic arm and drilling, to solve the problem.
Scientists have designed robotic arms that are so smart that they are versatile and flexible, allowing them to work easily in a variety of complex soil environments on the lunar surface. This robotic arm has three powerful functions: digging, shoveling, and soil clamping, making it capable of tackling a variety of challenges. It's designed to be easily adapted to the needs of different environments.
In lunar exploration techniques, we use a special drilling rig that can go about two meters deep into the moon to collect soil. The design of the device is cleverly designed with the detail of a small pouch, which is like a kind of "miniature soil collector". As the drill pipe goes deeper, so do the small pouches, which not only do the excavation work, but also take care of the excavated soil. This efficient design makes it easier and more convenient to collect lunar soil.
This structure not only increases the speed of drilling, but also prevents soil loss during drilling.
In addition to the above descriptions, during the drilling process, as the drill pipe continues to extend deeper into the formation, the various types of soils at different depths are revealed and distinguished in turn. This well-designed process allows us to visualize the composition and structure of the moon's soil at different depths in subsequent studies, thus providing a more complete understanding of the moon's soil properties.
It can be said that the two major tools, the robotic arm and the drill pipe, are like our right-hand men in exploring the depths of the moon, they can help us remove the mystery of the moon's depths and guide us into a never-before-seen territory.
We have already started using this method during the Chang'e-5 mission and have gained valuable experience from it. Although Chang'e-6 was sampled at a different location, the difficulty of sampling on the Moon was roughly the same as the challenge encountered by Chang'e-5 in sampling on the far side of the Moon. This experience has been invaluable to us. The application of this technical means has already begun during the Chang'e-5 period, and we have gained rich experience in practice. Although the sampling locations are different, the sampling of Chang'e-6 is not much different from the difficulty of sampling from the front of the moon of Chang'e-5. These experiences are very valuable to us.
The landing and sampling of Chang'e-6 is indeed challenging, and we need to rely on the assistance of relay satellites. Although we launched Queqiao-2 ahead of schedule, the real problem is that Chang'e-6 only has one chance to enter the predetermined orbit, and this is the biggest difficulty. This process requires a high degree of precision and careful planning.
After the Chang'e-6 probe enters orbit around the moon, it will need to wait patiently for about three weeks so that it can adjust to the optimal position. This time is critical, because if you miss this opportunity, all your efforts will be in vain.
Although the spacecraft VI has achieved several important breakthroughs in technology, it still faces many challenges and difficulties in its implementation. Although it has made considerable progress in the field of aerospace, it still needs to overcome many technical difficulties.
On the Moon, those low-lying and flat areas are mainly located on the other side of the Moon. These places are commonly referred to as the "Moon Sea". The Chang'e-5 probe landed in such a "lunar sea". Compared to the rest of the moon, it is safer and more likely to land.
The far side of the Moon has rugged terrain and there are few large lunar sea areas. As a result, the probe can land in relatively few places, which is much more difficult than the front side of the moon. This complex terrain and unknown exploration area may pose a considerable challenge to the lunar exploration mission, and may even lead to mission failure. In short, you need to be extra careful when exploring the far side of the moon.
In the course of human exploration of space, many missions have failed due to insufficient understanding of different terrains. In the case of the Soviet Union's Luna-15, the mission was ultimately unsuccessful because it failed to fully understand the complexity of the terrain. Therefore, we need to have a deep understanding and understanding of the characteristics and difficulty of the terrain to ensure that future space missions can be carried out more smoothly.
In China, the role of Queqiao 2 should not be underestimated. It can assist in orbital surveys during the Chang'e-6 flight. If Chang'e-6's flight trajectory deviates, Queqiao-2 will quickly issue an alarm and make corrections to ensure that the aircraft can land safely. This has provided strong support for the mainland's aerospace industry.
In other words, Queqiao-2 not only assumes the responsibility of a relay satellite, but also serves as a tracking and control station. In order to ensure that Chang'e-6 can successfully land on the surface of the moon, mainland scientists have come up with ways to correct orbital offsets. In this way, they can more effectively support the successful execution of space missions.
The efforts of the Chinese research team do not guarantee the success of the Chang'e-6 mission, and the biggest challenge is to ensure that it docks safely with the target.
Chang'e-6 consists of four parts, including an orbiter, a lander, an ascent and a returner. Among them, when the lander and the ascent vehicle are combined for docking, the accuracy of the orbit is very high. To put it simply, the track requirements for the docking of the two combinations are very strict.
In the course of operation, even insignificant deviations can make the docking task unsuccessful. Especially considering that the combination of lander and ascent vehicle flies very fast in orbit around the moon, up to 16,700 meters per second, such a speed can easily lead to unsuccessful docking. Therefore, we must execute every step with great care and precision to ensure that the task can be completed smoothly.
Still, if we can successfully bring back soil on the far side of the moon, it will have great implications for our research. Because in 2021, our scientists conducted in-depth studies and deduced the end of the moon's magmatic activity using only a tiny sample of lunar soil, which was only 0.15 grams, a discovery that gave us a deeper understanding of the moon's history and delayed the original estimate by about 900 million years. The importance of this discovery cannot be overstated.
After 20 years of development, China has made remarkable progress and achievements in the field of lunar exploration, which have attracted global attention.
Since the successful launch of Chang'e-1, China's aerospace industry has written a new chapter. Subsequently, the advent of Chang'e-4 pushed the mainland's lunar exploration program to a new milestone, achieving the first soft landing on the far side of the moon in human history. And now, looking forward to the success of Chang'e-6, which will be an important step in China's history of unmanned exploration of the far side of the moon.
When talking about this, many people are curious about China's plans for future lunar exploration programs. So, how does China plan to move forward with its lunar exploration program?
China plans to launch a spacecraft called Lunar Exploration 7 in about 2026. Its main mission is to explore the environment and resources of the moon's south pole. In particular, the research team hopes to discover water resources at the south pole of the moon. In order to achieve this goal, they plan to initially form a scientific research station consisting of "Lunar Exploration 7", "Lunar Exploration 8" and "Queqiao 2", which will be located at the south pole of the moon. The construction of this scientific research station will provide important support and assistance for China's future lunar exploration and research.
Regarding the launch time of China's manned lunar landing program, many netizens are very concerned. Although the United States successfully took this important step for mankind in the 60s and 70s of the last century, China's manned lunar program has attracted much attention, and many people are looking forward to seeing our country's breakthrough in this area as soon as possible. So when does China plan to embark on this ambitious manned lunar mission? This is also one of the focuses of attention. It is hoped that the country will be able to achieve this great goal at an early date.
In response to everyone's enthusiastic inquiries on the Internet, the China Manned Space Engineering Office has stated that the mainland has begun to promote manned lunar missions, and it is expected that in the near future, about 2030, Chinese will set foot on the moon for the first time and leave our own footprints there. This news has attracted the attention and expectation of the majority of netizens.
Over the past 20 years, China has continued to advance its lunar exploration program and has experienced numerous difficulties and challenges. But it is precisely these challenges that make each of our victories strengthen our determination to explore the universe. Each step was extremely difficult, but we also learned valuable lessons.
In the future, China's aerospace industry is expected to achieve higher achievements and continue to create a more glorious history. We firmly believe that this process will continue to move forward and write an even more magnificent chapter!
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China News reported that on May 3, 2024, the news about Chang'e-6 attracted much attention. The article mentions that Chang'e-6's first mission to the far side of the moon was to "dig up the earth", but this task was not easy. So, where are the difficulties? We'll break it down for you. First of all, the environment on the far side of the moon is very complex, which is a huge challenge for the Chang'e-6 mission. Second, Chang'e-6 needs to accurately find suitable soil on the lunar surface for collection, which requires extremely high technical skills and precise operation. In addition, due to the distance from the earth, communication delays are also a major problem. Under such conditions, Chang'e-6 needs to complete its mission independently, and it needs to bear all possible risks. Although the task is difficult, we believe that our scientific research team will be able to overcome these difficulties and successfully complete the Chang'e-6 mission. Let's look forward to the results of this space exploration!
According to the latest reports, in the surging news on May 3, 2024, the highlights of the first sample mission on the far side of the moon "Chang'e-6" were detailed. This task has attracted much attention, and its importance and highlights should not be missed.
According to China Youth Daily, on May 9, 2024, Chang'e-6 successfully completed the "brake" operation and successfully achieved a flight around the moon. This important achievement demonstrates the mainland's technological strength and scientific research achievements in space exploration.