Hu Muying, the daughter of Hu Qiaomu, said: "My father went from a science student at Tsinghua University to the "first pen in the party". Hu Qiaomu, formerly known as Hu Dingxin, joined the Communist Party of China in 1930, and is an outstanding Marxist theoretician, political commentator and social scientist in China, and an outstanding leader on the ideological, theoretical, propaganda and cultural front. During his revolutionary career of more than 60 years, he devoted his whole life to the cause of China's revolution, construction, and reform, and made outstanding contributions to the party and the country.
Hu Qiaomu, who worked as a secretary by Mao Zedong's side for 25 years, is known as the "first pen of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" and has participated in many major historical events of the Communist Party of China. Recently, the editorial department of Red Boat interviewed Hu Muying, the daughter of Hu Qiaomu.
老同学追忆
Maybe you can win a Nobel Prize in physics
Hu Qiaomu was born in Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province, a "scholarly family", his father was a celebrity in Yancheng, belonged to the "enlightened gentry" in the countryside of northern Jiangsu, and once presided over the continuous revision of the 14 volumes of "Yancheng County Chronicles", etc., and made outstanding contributions to the continuation of local chronicles. Influenced by his father, Hu Qiaomu has been fond of literature and history books since he was a child.
Hu Muying introduced that her father loved reading since he was a child. When I was in elementary school, there was a time during the Chinese New Year, when adults took their children to watch social dramas. After a while, the family found that he was gone, and when they returned home after the social drama, he was hiding in the mosquito net and reading a book alone. My father had a wide range of reading interests, including books on history, literature, philosophy, and society.
In 1924, 12-year-old Hu Qiaomu was the only person admitted to Jiangsu Provincial No. 8 Middle School (now Yangzhou Middle School) in Anhu Primary School, and he studied with excellent grades until he graduated from high school. This experience gave him a solid academic foundation.
"When my father was in middle school, he read a lot of works by world celebrities, and he wrote an overview of the famous works he knew, which was published in the school magazine of the middle school, and I also saw it later in the school magazine of Yangzhou Middle School." Hu Muying said with a smile. "My father excelled in arts and sciences in middle school, and after graduation, he was admitted to the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University. Later, when I met my father's old classmates in middle school, he told me: If your father didn't do revolution, maybe he could win a Nobel Prize in physics. ”
Speaking of this past, Hu Muying told an episode of his father: "At that time, the dean of the department of Tsinghua University had to talk to the freshmen, and when I saw that my father was choosing a minor subject in addition to the main subject, there were several pages of minor subjects to audit, and I asked my father if he was not interested in physics, right? My father explained that he was interested, but it was too much time to do experiments, and the director suggested that my father think again, so my father transferred to the history department. ”
At the end of the same year, Hu Qiaomu was introduced to the Chinese Communist Youth League by Zeng Dixian (then secretary of the general party branch of Tsinghua University) who was a fourth-year student at the same school.
Go to Yan'an and adhere to the revolutionary road
After the "918 Incident" in 1931, Hu Qiaomu was blacklisted by the Beiping Municipal Public Security Bureau for actively participating in revolutionary activities. After being admonished by Weng Wenhao, acting president of Tsinghua University, he chose to leave Tsinghua University to continue the revolution.
In May 1932, Hu Qiaomu returned to his hometown of Yancheng, began to devote himself to underground work, and joined the Communist Party of China. Later, due to the arrest and renegade of the party introducer, Hu Qiaomu escaped from the pursuit of the military and police with the help of his family. With the help of Zhu Ziqing, director of the Department of Chinese Literature of Tsinghua University, he was officially admitted to the second-year English major of the Department of Foreign Languages of Zhejiang University.
At the end of 1934, Hu Qiaomu was expelled from the school as a "red element" because of his active participation in the revolution. In February of the following year, he arrived in Shanghai and got in touch with Wang Han, head of the Organization Department of the Chinese Union of Social Scientists. In May, after being recommended by Wang Han, Hu Qiaomu rejoined the party and resumed organizational relations. Subsequently, he devoted himself to the work of the party, and in July he was transferred to the party group member and head of the Propaganda Department of the "General Cultural Commission", and in November, according to the decision of the Central Cultural and Cultural Commission, he was appointed as the secretary of the party group of the "General Cultural Association".
Hu Muying said that during his time in Shanghai, Hu Qiaomu wrote articles for several publications. Once, Mr. Lu Xun wrote an article "Speaking from "Other Words"". After reading it, he wrote an article "Speaking Back from "Other Words" in response to the text problem that Lu Xun talked about. The content was aimed at some so-called simplified words in the society at that time, and they were summarized and classified, which had a great impact. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, my father was put in charge of the work of writing reform, which also shows that my father had an empirical foundation and research in this area.
In February 1936, the "Wen Zong" was dissolved, and Hu Qiaomu was reappointed as a member of the Jiangsu Provincial Provisional Committee of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Propaganda Department. In May of the following year, Hu Qiaomu received a notice from his superiors and left Shanghai for Yan'an.
In July 1937, Hu Qiaomu, who arrived in Yan'an, was arranged to serve as the deputy director of the "Wartime Youth Short-term Training Class", in charge of teaching. During his nearly two years in the youth training class, Hu Qiaomu made many contributions to the training of cadres by the CPC. During this period, she married Li Guiying (later renamed Gu Yu), the instructor of the women's team of the youth training class.
In April 1939, the magazine "China Youth", an organ of the Communist Youth League, which had been suspended for nearly 12 years, resumed publication in Yan'an. Hu Qiaomu, director of the Propaganda Department of the Joint Office of the China Youth National Salvation Organization, also serves as the editor-in-chief of "China Youth". Subsequently, in order to commemorate the 20 th anniversary of the "May Fourth Movement," Hu Qiaomu wrote an article entitled "Ideological Issues in the Youth Movement" according to the situation at that time, which was published in "China Youth", which was praised by everyone and won great repercussions.
The biggest turning point in my life
"I also saw some party history materials to know that at that time, Chairman Mao also greatly appreciated this article after reading it, praising 'Qiao Mu is a talent'." Hu Muying added.
In January 1941, Hu Qiaomu's eldest daughter Hu Muying was born. One day in February, Wang Ruofei, then secretary general of the CPC Central Committee, solemnly said to Hu Qiaomu: "Qiaomu, Chairman Mao is short of manpower, and he asks you to do secretarial work (concurrently serving as secretary of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee)." For Hu Qiaomu, this was the biggest turning point in his life. Hu Qiaomu, who was 29 years old at the time, began to serve as Mao Zedong's secretary.
"During my father's time as a secretary, his biggest advantage was that he was very strict and kept absolutely secrets. He never told his family about his work, including some of his small talks with the chairman. Therefore, my mother quarreled with him several times about this matter, saying that everyone knew about the central meeting, and you didn't tell us, and he explained that there was discipline and that he couldn't talk to his family. Hu Muying recalled.
In June 1941, the German fascists began to attack the Soviet Union, and Mao Zedong attached great importance to this situation, collecting information from all sides to understand the development of the Soviet-German war.
"It didn't take long for Chairman Mao to give my father a topic, writing an article "Su will win, Germany will lose", roughly saying some ideas, and asking for the draft to be completed as soon as possible. About an hour later, my father wrote it next to the chairman, and the chairman changed a few words before letting it be published. So the speed of writing is also one of the reasons why my father was able to stay with the chairman. Hu Muying said.
In the following time, under the attention of Mao Zedong, Hu Qiaomu wrote many editorials and opinion articles for Xinhua News Agency, "Liberation Daily" and "People's Daily".
In 1942, after the launch of the party-wide rectification movement, Hu Qiaomu participated in leading the rectification movement in the literary and artistic circles. At the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, he carefully recorded Mao Zedong's two extemporaneous speeches and compiled them into a document, that is, "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art". Mao Zedong was very satisfied, personally revised it, published it publicly, and listed it as one of the must-read documents for the Yan'an rectification.
In 1947, the Kuomintang gathered a large force to launch an attack on Yan'an, and in the face of the situation that the enemy was outnumbered, Mao Zedong decided that the Party Central Committee would withdraw from Yan'an, but he still stayed in northern Shaanxi to inspire and stabilize the morale of the army and the people, but he needed to constantly issue instructions, and Hu Qiaomu was not around, which brought a lot of inconvenience. To this end, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Hu Qiaomu, who was carrying out land reform in Longdong, and asked him to rush to Wangjiawan, where Chairman Mao was stationed.
"The security guard next to the chairman at that time told me that as soon as the chairman heard that Hu Qiaomu was about to arrive, he specially walked out of the cave and waited for my father outside the courtyard, and after seeing my father, he had to take the backpack on my father's back. Hu Muying added, "In fact, at that time, the chairman had a pen by his side, and it was no problem to write large articles, but he was not fast enough to write small articles, and the environment was more urgent at that time, so my father was the most suitable." Hu Muying said.
Such a country and such a person,
I haven't met me for a thousand years
Referring to the reason why his father has not restored his real name, Hu Muying explained that when Chairman Mao went to Chongqing for negotiations, he met two "arbors", both from Yancheng, Jiangsu, and their fame is not small, one is in the south, his real name is Qiao Guanhua, and he is the chief writer of Hong Kong's "Current Affairs Evening News". One is in the north, whose real name is Hu Dingxin, that is, Hu Qiaomu. Mao Zedong called the two together because of the trouble of renaming "Er Qiao", and after learning the real name of "Nan Qiao", he said: The name is very good, and it will be called Qiao Guanhua in the future. As for "Beiqiao", you can take the surname Hu, and it will be called "Hu Qiaomu" in the future! Mao Zedong said with a smile: "In ancient times, there were two Qiao, big and small, and now there are two Qiao, both north and south."
In the second half of 1961, Hu Qiaomu, who was nearly 50 years old, had an increasingly severe nervous breakdown and was no longer competent for his daily work. I had no choice but to write a letter to Mao Zedong, explaining his illness and applying for a long leave to recuperate.
"My father's nervous breakdown was too severe at the time. If you write something a little, your head hurts, and you can't write at all. There was an editorial about increasing production and saving grain, which was not very complicated, but because I couldn't concentrate and couldn't sleep well, I didn't write it for half a month. So I wrote a letter to the chairman, saying that I really can't do it anymore and want to take a break for a while. The chairman replied to him with a long letter, urging him to calm down and recuperate in peace. After that, my father left the chairman and recuperated in Hangzhou. Hu Muying recalled.
It was not until 1966 that the wind of the "Cultural Revolution" quietly blew, and Hu Qiaomu wanted to give up his recuperation and return to Beijing, hoping to meet Mao Zedong in Hangzhou, but he never received a reply. Hu Qiaomu, who couldn't wait, chose to return to Beijing from Shanghai.
"As soon as my father arrived in Shanghai, he called from Hangzhou and informed him that the chairman wanted to see him. After receiving the news, he hurried back from Shanghai and met with the chairman in Hangzhou. The chairman instructed him to see more and talk less after he arrived in Beijing. I didn't expect this to be the last time he met the chairman. Hu Muying said.
Since then, the storm of the "Cultural Revolution" has become more and more violent, and Hu Qiaomu has not escaped it. Hu Muying said that it was also the chairman who said that he had to see him to save my father's life. Later, when Chairman Mao died, his father wanted to say goodbye very much, first writing letters to acquaintances, then to the Central Committee, and finally to Jiang Qing, hoping to say goodbye to the chairman, but he did not get consent. This is also a great regret in my father's life, and his deep feelings for the chairman can be seen from the two poems written by my father, "July 1 Lyric" and "Thoughtful".
It is understood that in 1965, Hu Qiaomu wrote a poem "July 1st Lyric", looking back on the experience of working beside Mao Zedong: "Such a country and such a person, I have not met me for a thousand years." Wield the sun and moon to write a thunderous immortal text. Pointing to Gu rugged into a frank way, laughing and talking about thorns and other floating clouds. The flag hunting spring breeze is warm, and the world sees the army. "In his later years, Hu Qiaomu wrote a poem "Thinking" on his 70th birthday, with the first four sentences, expressing his feelings when he worked beside Mao Zedong. The young man threw the pen according to the long sword, and the book sword did not become a common goal. The tent is spread with foreign letters, and the heart is shining on the headlamp. ”
In September 1976, Mao Zedong died. In October, the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee carried out the will of the Party and the people and smashed the "Gang of Four" in one fell swoop, and the "Cultural Revolution" that had lasted ten years came to an end.
Hu Muying recalled: "After the Cultural Revolution, my father was responsible for drafting the 'Second Historical Resolution of the Party', in which the views on the 'Cultural Revolution' were-for-tat, and it was very brain-racking to express them in words and be recognized by most people. My father repeatedly solicited opinions in the drafting group, thousands of people participated in the discussion, and it took more than a year to complete one draft after another, so I think this should be the most exhausting thing for my father. ”
My father's favorite was the social sciences
In May 1977, the Party Central Committee approved the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Hu Qiaomu was appointed as the first president and party secretary of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (until 1982, he later served as an advisor and honorary president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences).
If we want to start the work of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences as soon as possible, we urgently need to organize and implement the experts and scholars needed by the preparatory group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and various research institutes. At the same time, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences does not yet have its own office building, which needs to be finalized by Hu Qiaomu one by one, and in only a short period of time, the work of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has been basically completed.
This is all thanks to my father's extensive accumulation of reading and work, and my father knows which experts and scholars to find. Because of the decade of the Cultural Revolution, research work in various fields has basically come to a standstill. Subsequently, through the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Personnel, and even the Office of the CPC Central Committee, experts and scholars scattered in various localities were transferred back. My father once said that compared with other party positions, his favorite is the position of president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Hu Muying recalled.
Hu Muying also said: "After my father died, people from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences said that Hu Qiaomu's departure was a great loss to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, because Hu Qiaomu, who was in the central government and had a special understanding of social sciences, could directly report to the central government when he encountered problems, and he could discuss and solve them. Therefore, in the "Biography of Hu Qiaomu", which was approved by the central government, it was said that my father was an encyclopedic scholar. ”
According to the data, from 1977 to 1981, in accordance with Hu Qiaomu's ideas and plans, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences successively established the Institute of Industrial Economics, the Institute of Rural Development, the Institute of Finance and Trade Economics, the Institute of Journalism, the Institute of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought, the Institute of Sociology, the Institute of Population, the Institute of Minority Literature, the Institute of World Politics, the Institute of American Studies, the Institute of Japanese Studies, the Institute of Western European Studies, the China Social Sciences Magazine, the China Social Sciences Press, and the Institute of Chinese Social Sciences. There are 16 research and publishing units, including the Graduate School and the Office of Guo Moruo's Works Editing and Publishing Committee. The Institute of Soviet and East European Studies, the Institute of West Asian and African Studies, and the Institute of Latin American Studies were also assigned to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences during this period. To this day, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is still continuing its original vision and planning.
In 1982, Hu Qiaomu stepped down as president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In the same year, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the First Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hu Qiaomu was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
"If it weren't for the fact that the central government gave him too many tasks later, he was really too busy, or he would have devoted himself to the Academy of Social Sciences." Hu Muying said.
In 1987, at the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the age of 75, Hu Qiaomu stepped down to the second line and became a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Everyone should be patriotic
Hu Qiaomu is a person who loves to read very much, and he often can't put down the book in his hand, as long as he is not writing, he will hold a book in his hand. Because of this, when the child comes home on weekends or holidays, the mother always asks the child to take the father out for a walk, so that he can put down his books and enjoy the time outdoors.
"We took my father for a walk in the park. Whenever there was a text in the park, he would stop and look carefully. If the punctuation is inaccurate, the word is wrong, or the subject of flowers and trees is wrong, he will circle it with a pen and ask the park staff to call the person in charge and tell them to 'correct it immediately'!" Hu Muying said with a smile.
Speaking of his father's education of his children, Hu Muying said that his father was never limited to his children's academic performance, even if his children's grades were average, he never blamed him. He attaches more importance to children's comprehensive understanding and mastery of knowledge, and often encourages children to read more extracurricular books, from novels, popular science books to foreign fairy tales, etc. I hope that children can broaden their horizons by dabbling in a wide range of fields.
Hu Muying said that her father had a soft spot for the songs "Su Wu Shepherd" and "Man Jianghong". When he was a child, he explained to us the meaning of the lyrics of these two songs, and although his singing voice was not perfect, he could always barely sing the tune. Every year during the Mid-Autumn Festival, parents will invite drivers, cooks, guards and other people in the yard to spend the festival together. Once, under the coaxing of everyone, my father sang "Man Jianghong", and his singing was full of passion and even shed tears. From my father's generation, we can see their deep affection for the country and the people. Whenever Yue Fei's feelings were mentioned when the country was ruined, my father would always emphasize that each of us should have a deep affection for the country, to be patriotic, and when the country is invaded, we must rise up and resist. When it comes to "Su Wu Shepherd", my father will mention that Su Wu has adhered to the loyalty of 19 years, which is exactly what a Communist Party member should have, loyalty to the people, to the country, and to the motherland. No matter what difficulties and challenges we face, this loyalty will never waver.
"These two songs are the most impressive to me, and I have never seen my father sing other songs, but I will hear them from time to time. So I think why did the older generation be able to join the revolution at such a young age? And he has been doing this conscientiously and without regret all his life, because he feels that he has this responsibility to the country and the people, so he wants to use all his strength and wisdom to contribute to the country and the people. Now, the conditions of our generation are much better than theirs, and there is no reason not to love their country, the party, and their people. Hu Muying recalled.
Party members and cadres should not be
For the sake of "administering the people"
Hu Muying introduced herself and said that she was born in a good era, and although there are unsatisfactory places, after the founding of New China, the country's thriving scene and construction, as well as social governance, are becoming more and more perfect.
"During the 'Great Leap Forward', when I was in middle school, in response to the smelting of steel, the school asked the students to donate all the iron products such as pots and spoons at home. At the end of '67, I was assigned to the Ministry of Metallurgy, and the following year, I was assigned to the Anshan Iron and Steel Plant, which was ten years of delay. When she was finally able to work normally, she raised the idea of rejuvenation, and the lesbian retired at the age of 55. caught up with my father's illness and hospitalization, and my mother's health was also worse year by year, thinking that I could accompany them more, so I retired early. Hu Muying said.
My generation is retiring one after another, and we are beginning to have time to learn more about the history of our parents. They formed the Beijing Yan'an Children's Association, and initiated activities such as collecting and sorting out the information of their fathers, re-walking the Long March, returning to Yan'an, and visiting the revolutionary base areas.
Hu Muying said that the more he understands his parents, the more he feels that the older generation of communists can "fight the world and sit in the world" and are closely linked to the people. Therefore, as future generations, we have the responsibility to pass on this spirit.
At the invitation of the Jinggangshan Youth Revolutionary Traditional Education Base, the Beijing Yan'an Children's Association, of which Hu Muying is the president, set up a story group to tell young people the revolutionary stories of their fathers.
Hu Muying said: "Today's young people want to understand how much the Communist Party has paid to conquer the world, and how much effort has been spent to build a new China. The leadership of the Communist Party really serves the masses of the people, and although the material conditions are much stronger now than they were then, the people's hearts and minds are too far behind. So we tell the story of our fathers, hoping to make today's young people turn around in their minds, how did the beauty come from at that time?"
"The new China established by the fathers who were not afraid of sacrifice and blood and sweat was used by individual selfish cadres to get promoted and make a fortune, thinking only about their own small family, and becoming less and less concerned about the suffering of the common people. Unlike in the past, in the past, we all ate, lived and worked with the masses, so we were able to discover what the masses needed, what difficulties they had, and where the basic problems were. Party members and cadres should serve the people rather than manage the people, so we feel that it is our responsibility to pass on the spirit of the older generation of serving the people and fighting and sacrificing for the people and the country wholeheartedly. Hu Muying added.
"We can't control social development, but as the descendants of the Communists, we must do our part, and a spark can start a prairie fire!" Hu Muying finally laughed.