Original title: One hundred years later, how have women in the workplace changed?
For a long time, women only played the role of full-time housewives. With social changes and equalization of rights, the types of occupations that women can enter have increased, and the "occupational gender segregation" has gradually decreased.
The images are the leakers of the times, and the following two groups of images are group portraits of women in the workplace in 1917 and 2017. From the comparison of the two sets of images, we can glimpse the historical memory of women's struggle for rights, feel the changes in women's social status and the great contributions created by women.
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Women's Careers in a Century of Comparison / Alan Taylor
In addition to the social recorder of the moment of shooting, the image can always find more content than the photographer originally intended, so the image is the leaker of the times. The existence of a single image may also have a wealth of information, if you compare between a hundred years, the connotation of the times and the social information will be more eye-catching, and you can clearly compare the changes of the times and the progress and retreat of society...
For a long time, women played only the role of full-time housewives, and their social value was "shelved". With the development of society, women have more fully the right to go out, work and even participate in politics. From leaving home to entering the public sphere, women's occupations have become rich, such as workers, maids, secretaries and scientists; with the change of occupation and the equalization of rights, women's contributions to the times have become more and more obvious, and women's creation of society has become more distinct.
In the comparison of the two sets of images below, there are huge changes in the comparison of women's occupations in 1917 and women's occupations in 2017, but they can also witness the historical memory of women's struggle for rights. During World War I, a large number of women volunteered in the rear of the war, working as nurses or aid workers, or in traditional male occupations in their hometowns. However, in 1917, women also made great progress in their professions. For example, they began to become part of government work (the first woman ever elected to the United States Congress), held demonstrations for the right to vote, and even risked going to jail to teach family planning control methods. At the same time, under the change of women's rights and rights, we can also see the changes in women's social status and the great contributions created by women to the human community and the community of life.
In the image below, the state of women in the workplace a century ago, as well as the life experiences shared by women from different backgrounds and cultures in the current world, their views on sexism, including their ideas about women's future in the workplace, show the state of women in the workplace today from a global perspective. Gazing at these video recordings, there is always some moving force behind the images...
Women in the workplace, 1917
"The woman in the photo is preparing to transport a government package. They were members from the National Women's Service Coalition, which helped the United States to enter World War I. During this period, women worked as ambulance drivers and informants. In the picture, Colonel A.B. Belle is turning the curved handle, taking the lead in doing his part for New York. (Library of Congress / Bateman Archives / Getty Pictures)
On March 30, 1917, women of all backgrounds and experiences served World War I in the Office of the Women's Suffragette in New York on 34th Street.
Springfield, Massachusetts — Women from Vaasa College showcase their farming techniques at the Eastern National Fair and the Dairy Show. The fair opened in Springfield around October 16, 1917. In the photo, a female farm worker at Vaasa College is driving a heavy agricultural tractor. ”
During World War I, around 1915, a British female carpenter was at the workbench.
A female tram conductor on a tram in Washington, D.C., U.S.A., on December 8, 1917.
On July 7, 1917, in Brooklyn, New York, female workers make flags at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
On May 8, 1917, Helen Campbell, the first radio telegrapher to work for the National Women's Service Union.
In the billiard room, women from the Western Detachment of the New York Branch of the Red Cross are working at schwab house.
During World War I, newsjournalist Helen Johns Gardland was in the trenches. She wears a helmet and a wide coat, with a gas mask hanging from her neck. As a war correspondent, she has published numerous war reports and photographs in Leslie's Weekly.
"Cowboy girl in Pasadena, California."
"Women suffragettes who 'did what they had to do' in order to carry out the White House picket mission were standing in front of the camera wearing correctional clothes... From left to right: Miss Doris Stevens, Ms. J. A. Hopkin, President of the International Women's Association, and John H. Hopkin, And John H. Hopkin, President of the International Women's Association. Ms. W. Branna. While serving their sentences in the correctional facility of OakCon, they wore the coarse cloth uniforms shown in the photographs. This rough uniform consisted of underwear made of linen, thick cotton socks, oversized thick-soled shoes, and striped cotton tunics and aprons. They also tie a belt around their waist as a corset and a comb and toothbrush in the apron pocket. ”
"On March 24, 1917, Dolly Webb and René Davis worked on an airplane."
On May 14, 1917, during World War I, in Loraine, Ohio, usa, female railroad workers at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Shops.
"14 September 1917 – Miss Mary Breslin, Aide to G. G. Michel, Commander of the Charlestown Naval Shipyard."
On June 27, 1917, during World War I, drivers of wartime mobile hospitals in Britain, Etapul, France, stood by their cars.
"The only female mechanic in Maine wore a work suit. Portland, Maine, USA: Lillian Johansson is distinguished by being the only female mechanic in Maine. What makes her even more unique, however, is that she was also the first woman to wear a work suit at work. Lillian Johansen was born 20 years ago in Gutenberg, Sweden. After studying library management for a while, she eventually discovered that her true talent lay in mechanics. Lillian Johansson is about 1 meter 62 tall, chest and hips 29 yards, waist 20 yards, can lift about 180 kg of weight. She was hired by Raymond Machinery Company in Portland, Maine, at the customs dock. Today, Lillian Johansen is considered one of the best mechanics in Sweden. ”
On February 28, 1917, Janet Rankin, the first woman to enter the U.S. Congress by election, took this photo in her office. In 1916, Rankin won the race for a seat in the U.S. White House in Montana and served the 65th U.S. Congress from 1917 to 1919. In the ensuing campaign, Rankin won again and served the 77th U.S. Congress from 1941 to 143.
"During World War I, British women took up the job of carpenters to help their homeland."
During Margaret Sanger's trial in Brooklyn, Ms. Amos Pinchaw stood outside the local criminal court with several other women to accuse Sanger of teaching birth control. Margaret Sanger was of great help in organizing what we today call "family planning."
"Women suffragettes help the Navy recruit. The most beautiful of the women's suffragettes, Francis M. Miss E. Fidge helped with naval conscription by handing out navy conscription posters in shop windows. ”
On May 29, 1917, during World War I, in New York, ladies of the National Women's Service Union Automobile Corps swore allegiance to the 71st Corps.
On January 17, 1917, the American artist Mary Foote was painting a self-portrait.
On August 26, 1917, an auxiliary police force of British women was lining up for a parade before leaving France. In the rear of the fighting, the auxiliary police force may play a variety of functions. ”
In 1917, during World War I, several women worked on farming tools in the fields of the Oise River in France.
"In Boston, Massachusetts, women sew stockings at the Ipswich Mill." (Louis Wicks Hayne/Library of Congress)
Around 1917, a cavalry first aid team composed of women.
"The first 26 American women selected will be in Russia for dangerous jobs driving american ambulances. Miss Natalie Kemp will soon begin her mission on the front lines. Feeling a little anxious about the mission, she has begun to raise funds for the first aid service. In the photo, the mobile ambulance next to Natalie Kemp is the one she wants to drive to Russia. (George Reinhart/Colvis from Getty)
Women in the workplace in 2017
Ana Maria del Verdun Suarez, 27, is a police officer. She took this photo on February 23, 2017, on the outskirts of Montevideo, Uruguay. "There should be more women able to do jobs that were originally considered male," Suarez said. I believe that discrimination sometimes comes from all of us, and that its roots arise within us. There are already many occupations in which women are excluded. (Andres Stapff/Reuters)
Tara McCannel, 44, is an associate professor of ophthalmology, doctor of medicine and philosophy. She is also the director of the Center for Ophthalmic Oncology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the UCLA Stan Eye Institute. This photo was taken on February 27, 2017, at the University of California, Los Angeles. "Women have a higher level of knowledge, competence, expressiveness and the development of clinical medicine," she said. However, women sometimes just can't be themselves. Or, women often think that I just need to focus and do my job well. The reason for this idea is also because of the incomplete equality between men and women, even if the situation is constantly improving. (Lucy Nicholson/Reuters)
On February 24, 2017, in Madrid, Spain, 38-year-old skydiving instructor Paloma Granero took this photo in a simulated wind tunnel for indoor skydiving in Windubona. "Men don't have to prove themselves like we women do, we're being tested every day." "Coaching is still more men in the profession, and most of the managerial work is done by women," she said. (Susana Vera/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 26, 2017 in Hasaka, northeastern Syria. Laila Sterk, a 22-year-old female Syrian Democratic Self-Defense Force fighter, said: "Before I became a fighter, I suffered from the inequalities that society brought. But when I joined the Syrian Democratic Self-Defense Forces, I never experienced unequal treatment again. I think it's because, when men want to join the SDF, they join educational classes about women and fight alongside women. So, female warriors can lead barracks just like any man. (Rodi Said/Reuters)
On February 22, 2017, 40-year-old Shinto priest Tomoe Ichino took this photo at the Izu Shrine in Tokyo, Japan. "Usually, Shinto pastors are seen as men's jobs," she said. But if you were a woman, people would think of you as a shrine maiden or a substitute priestess. People are not aware of the existence of goddess Taoist priests, so they believe that women are not allowed to preside over ceremonies. Once, after I was presiding over the groundbreaking ceremony, someone asked me, 'So, when is the pastor coming?' "Since I was a young woman, when I first worked as a Shinto priest, some people felt that the prayer was different, and they still preferred my grandfather. At first, I was still working in my grandfather's light green dress because I felt it would be better if I looked like i wanted a man. But after a while, I felt like I should be proud that I was a female pastor. So I started wearing my pink robes as I did today. I think if I don't think too much about it (about gender) I'll become more confident. (Toru Hanai/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 22, 2017, at the Capitol building in la Paz, Bolivia. Elizabeth Mamani, 36, in the photo, is a radio federation journalist. "When I first started working, I did feel discriminatory [from the circulation of official control of newspaper members and events]," Mamani said. As women, to eliminate discrimination in this profession, we must be prepared in all fields, even to surpass others. (David Mercado/Reuters)
Pilot Maria Uvarovskaya at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, takes this photo in the A320 flight simulation room of the Aeroflot Training Center on February 20, 2017. "A lot of issues like [gender equality] can be solved through women's own efforts." Maria said. (Grigory Dukor/Reuters)
Phung Thi Hai, 54, carries two quintals of bricks outside a factory in Hanoi, Vietnam, on Feb. 27, 2017. Hai is one of 25 brick factory women who move 3,000 bricks into a drying oven every day. Hai said: "It's so unfair for a 54-year-old woman like me to have to work every day to support her whole family. With the same job, men can get more money. Not just me, all the women in the village work very hard, even if they are uneducated, uninsured, and have no future. (Nguyen Huy Kham/Reuters)
On February 22, 2017, 31-year-old Yolaina Chavez Talavera took this photo in front of a fire truck in Managua, Nicaragua. "When I was a firefighter at first, my male colleagues thought I wasn't going to stay here for long because the training was too hard. However, I proved to them with facts that they could do what they could do. I think women have to try to break through in all areas, especially in places like Nicaragua and Spanish-speaking countries where machismo is still in place. Talavera said. (Oswaldo Rivas/Reuters)
Claudia Concha Parraguez, a 45-year-old pole dance instructor, took this photo at a gym in Santiago, Chile, on February 23, 2017. She said: "After receiving training, some female trainees with weaker self-esteem laughed more and were more beautiful. However, because of their short-sightedness, their husbands thought pole dancing was a sport and that pole dancing was very erotic, so the women stopped coming to class. (Ivan Alvarado/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 16, 2017, in Tubai, South Agusan Province, South Philippines. In the photo is Filipina Grace Ocol, a 40-year-old excavator operator. She is also a mother of three children. Oak said: "Not many women will drive giant trucks and excavators, but if men can drive, why can't women? I'm much better than men, and men here only drive trucks, and I do both. (Erik de Castro/Reuters)
Julia Argunova, 36, is a mountaineering instructor. She took this photo on February 17, 2017, on the Tian Shan Mountain, located at an altitude of 3,200 meters in Almaty, Kazakhstan. "On some of the more difficult matters, male colleagues usually benefit from strong physiques," she says. However, women are more attentive and meticulous than men. Women are generally better at teaching than men. My professional job is to teach others how to climb mountains safely. (Shamil Zhumatov/Reuters)
Christine Akoth, a 38-year-old metalwork painter, took this photo in Nairobi, Kenya, on February 27, 2017. Ax said: "I have been gender biased at work. Sometimes I get refused a contract simply because of my gender and my marital status. Some female colleagues are treated unequally or even exploited because of their gender. (Thomas Mukoya/Reuters)
In a lab in London, England, on February 22, 2017, Dr. Catherine Reynolds, 37, is a scientific researcher at Imperial College London. Reynolds said: "In the field of primary bioscience research, women's performance is very good. However, in advanced sciences, there are relatively few female experts. But the gap between the two is narrowing. I believe that policies that promote work flexibility and support employees,both men and women, are necessary for young families to reach their full potential in the workplace. (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
On February 21, 2017, in Belgrade, Serbia, a reporter recorded her happy smile at Ivana's home. Ivana, a 32-year-old community manager, said: "In state-owned enterprises, you often see these (gender) gaps, which are a legacy of socialism. It is generally believed that the 'best' profession for women is secretary. (Marko Djurica/Reuters)
Samah Abdelaty, 38, is an author and director of research at Ovatan Newspaper. This photo was taken on February 26, 2017 at the headquarters of the newspaper in Cairo, Egypt. "When it comes to gender equality, as far as I can remember, I've never been discriminated against in the field of journalists I work for." She said. (Amr Dalsh/Reuters)
Merylee, a 26-year-old soldier, took this photo in Nice, France, on February 23, 2017. "Equality in the military already exists, and it is this uniform that makes everything take precedence over gender." Meryl said. (Eric Gaillard/Reuters)
On February 23, 2017, Jeung Un, a 27-year-old freelance photographer, took this selfie in the heart of Seoul, South Korea, crowded with protesters. "Most news outlets tend to hire male photographers," she said. From this, I can feel the gender inequality strongly. Sometimes, when I take pictures full of violence, I hear comments full of sexism and get harassed because of it. (Kim Hong-Ji/Reuters)
Lejla Selimovic, 34, is a furniture restorer. On February 24, 2017, she took this photo in the "wood clinic" in a workshop in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. "In my country, furniture restorers take an unusual job for people. However, so far, I have not met anyone who is not optimistic about this profession. Usually, people will be very surprised by the job, but they will basically only be interested in the job that is done well. She said. (Dado Ruvic/Reuters)
Chef Ivonne Quintero takes this photo at a restaurant in mexico's capital on February 26, 2017. Quintero said: "As a woman, there are many restrictions on working in the kitchen, and the two male chefs under me don't listen to me at all because I'm a woman. (Henry Romero/Reuters)
Sarah Hunter, 31, is the captain of the England women's rugby pair and the South West Development Officer of the RFU University Rugby Development Association. This photo was taken on 25 February 2017 at The Stoop Rugby Stadium in west London, England. Hunter said: "I think as a woman, if you're a good fit for the job, do it, and so do men. I have worked at RFU and have worked in sports that were once considered to belong to men. I was welcome in that work environment, and I personally never experienced gender inequality in the workplace. So, I think I'm very lucky to have that kind of career. Because in that job, I had to let others see me outside of gender. (Henry Browne/Reuters)
In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 62-year-old Lina Maria da Silva is a nanny whose home is in the slums of Cantagalo. She took this photo on February 24, 2017 with the children she cares for. She said: "I have never been treated badly at work, I have always been very fond of the family I worked for. (Pilar Olivares/Reuters)
Rocio Larranaga, 53, is both a surfer and a surf instructor. She took this photo on Redondo Beach in Lima, Peru, on February 23, 2017. "Since 1977, I am the first female athlete to represent our country in national and international competitions. In 1995, I became a surf instructor. Many women not only know how to surf, but are very good at the sport. I hope that there will be as many female athletes as men in future competitions. Larranaga said. (Guadalupe Pardo/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 24, 2017 in Istanbul, Turkey. Serpil Cigdem in the photo is a 44-year-old railroad driver. "When I applied for a job as a railroad driver 23 years ago, I was told it was a man's job," Cigdem said. I knew that even if I got the same score as the male candidate in the written test, it would be he who would end up being admitted. That's why I desperately wanted to get a higher score in the written test than any other male candidate. I think gender inequality starts with our thinking that 'this is the job that men should do.' (Osman Orsal/Reuters)
On February 21, 2017, in Berrizó, France, 37-year-old cattle breeder Emilie Jeannin co-photographed this photo with her Charolais cattle. "Once, an agricultural consultant asked me where my boss was, and I stood in front of him, and I couldn't help but laugh. I promise you that meeting saved a lot of time! "Cattle keepers look like men do the job. In the past, women usually did administrative or low-level work. People's ideas should really be open. And this change in thinking should not only be directed at farms, but should occur all over the world. (Benoit Tessier/Reuters)
Mehwish Ekhlaque, a 26-year-old locomotive driver and coach, took this photo riding her motorcycle in Karachi, Pakistan, on February 28, 2017. "When I was planning a motorcycle trip to Pakistan, a lot of my male colleagues advised me not to do it because the trip was too dangerous for a single woman. But I did it anyway. Ekhlaque said.
This photo was taken at the port of Ashdod, a 26-year-old stevedor, at the port of Ashdod, on February 22, 2017, in southern Israel. "I haven't experienced inequality for most of my career," she says. At ashdod Port, everyone on the docks is equal. I was the first stevedorer to work in this port. (Amir Cohen/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 23, 2017, in Oman, Jordan. Khawla Sheikh, 54, is a plumber and certified trainer. In the basement of her house, she would give women classes on plumbing repairs. "When the husband is not at home, housewives would prefer to have a female plumber in the house." "I believe that to address gender inequality, every operational link in all areas of work must provide equal employment opportunities for men and women, and every woman must believe that she has the ability and skill to persuade others," Sheikh said. (Muhammad Hamed/Reuters)
Chrifa Nimri, a 69-year-old fisherman returning from fishing in the seaport of Sidibu, sorts out her nets in the Tunisian capital on February 23, 2017. "When I first started fishing, everyone told me that no one was going to do business with women," she says. But now, my peers respect me so much that they call me Captain. (Zoubeir Souissi/Reuters)
On 24 February 2017, In Coventry, UK, 32-year-old Cilene Connolly, a postwoman, works for Royal Mail. While delivering the mail, she took the photo on the street in a residential area. "Fortunately, I have never experienced gender inequality since I was a postman. For the fact that I am a female postman, customers are very optimistic about me, especially female customers, and they usually feel surprised to see a female postman. (Hannah Mckay/Reuters)
Cristina Alvarez, 29, is a butcher shop owner who works in Mexico City. She took this photo standing in front of a butcher shop she and her husband run together on February 25, 2017. Alvarez said: "I never felt any gender inequality. And, I believe that men do the same work that women can do. So, there shouldn't be any sexism [in the workplace]. (Jose Luis Gonzalez/Reuters)
February 26, 2017, Mexico. Jauna Diaz, who works on the streets of Mexico, is a 43-year-old cleaner. "In my previous job, the boss always preferred male employees, and female employees would get paid later than they did, so I changed jobs," she said. To address this gender inequality, I believe that the workplace should provide more information and communication opportunities about women's rights. (Carlos Jasso/Reuters)
This photo was taken on February 24, 2017, in Yuniko Chung's studio in Taipei, Taiwan. Yuniko Chung is a 24-year-old game blogger. "I often hear people say they've never seen a woman as a game blogger because they're more about looks than about playing games," she says. I'm not in the same category as them, I don't use my gender or appearance to please people, and I can play games with men. (Tyrone Siu/Reuters)
In 2007, Ekaterine Kvlividze joined the Georgian Air Force. Now, at 30, she's an Air Force captain. Ekaterine Kvlividze stands in front of a Georgian Air Force UH-1H helicopter in Tbilisi, Georgia, on February 22, 2017. "It was really difficult to be an Air Force pilot in the beginning, and at that time, I felt that no one else liked me very much, and I was very mean to me. But, thank God, social perceptions have changed a lot over the past decade. Nowadays, it is very common for women to be pilots. (David Mdzinarishvili/Reuters)
Doris Leuthard, 54, is the president of Switzerland. She is also Minister of Transport, Communications and Energy in Switzerland. On February 24, 2017, Doris Leuthard took this photo on the fat roof of the Swiss parliament building. Leuthard says she can still see gender inequality in the workplace. "The pay gap between men and women can reach almost 20 percent, and this happens to many women. Therefore, with the help of the transparency system, the discussion of salary levels, etc. is particularly important. Politically, women remain a minority in upper management and leadership positions. I am very encouraging for women to achieve something in their careers. (Ruben Sprich/Reuters)
Source: Atlantic Monthly
Compiler: Xu Fan