The imperial examination system rose from the Sui Dynasty and the qing dynasty fell, at first the imperial examination system paved the way for the cold students, but with the evolution of the times, the imperial examination system did not escape the law of prosperity and decline, and eventually became a tool for rulers to imprison their minds and reach the officials and nobles for personal fraud. Although the imperial examination system allowed Fan Zhongyan, Li Chao, Li Ang and others to get rid of the cold door, it also made Liu Yong, Tang Bohu and many other talents lose their place to play.
The path of the imperial examination is the white moonlight in the hearts of every literati, and Liu Yong, who is in the shape of a wave, is no exception, "Learning." Then the son of the Shu people is the Gongqing; if he does not learn, the son of the Gongqing is the Gongren. It is not difficult to see his enthusiasm for the imperial examination from "Persuasion", but why did he finally want to change the name of the merit to a shallow singing and low chant?
(Ancient Imperial Examination)
According to records, Liu Yong participated in three scientific expeditions in the third year of Tianxi, the second year of Tiansheng, and the fifth year of Tiansheng, and in the first year he shouted with confidence, "Linxuan First Test, no face at hand, surely Kuijia ascended to the top." Most of the self-confident people are self-sufficient, and the self-reliant people can hardly tolerate the words of the family, song Renzong thought that if this person is the leader, it will certainly make the people follow suit, forming a highly self-ego atmosphere, so he deposed him with "no action". Ten years of hard reading, because the word "invisible" has vanished, as smart as Liu Yong, how can you not know that "invisible" is just an excuse for the person who is high above and satisfies his family's words.
In order to express his anger, Liu Yong composed "Crane Soaring heaven", and he arrogantly used the sentence "Ming Dynasty Temporary Legacy Sage, How to Xiang", satirizing Song Renzong's inability to guarantee "Wild And Untouched Sage", and he arrogantly challenged the arbitrary imperial power. In the feudal dynasty of absolute monarchy, Song Renzong certainly would not allow the idea of contempt for the secretary of state to prevail, so he said "and fill in the words" and beat this great talent into the dust.
Liu Yong laughed at himself and called himself a white-clothed Qingxiang, if baiyi is how to be a Qingxiang, these two completely different classes express the endless heartache of this arrogant and arrogant person.
Liu Yongnian was more than half a hundred, Fang Zhongjinshi, Xu was experiencing the wind and frost of mortal dust, at this time, he no longer dared to fight with the feudal imperial power, decades of wind and rain, although confiscating his talent, but taking away his pride, gradually he changed from a maverick literary hero to a small man who sneaked around and patted horses, and became a tool for the ruler to control his thoughts.
"Don't try it." The groom is a picturesque march. He described the scaling scene of the new branch of the jinshi in "Liu Chuxin, Eastern Suburbs to Xiaoxing Yuya", and his heart was full of admiration.
(Image of Yanaginaga)
Once upon a time, he also defied the imperial examination to rebuke its injustice, and once upon a time, he also used the phrase "take a boat to this place, from running to fame and profit" to satirize the pursuit of fame and profit, and now it seems that how much of this admiration is true or false is unknown. In order to ensure that his official path is smooth, he also wrote "Through bixiao" to "the imperial residence is magnificent, the royal xisheng, and the treasure fortune is thousands." The end gate is clear in the day, the prism is shining on the sun, and the double que is in the middle of the sky. "Admire the prosperity of the capital and the harmony of the people under the rule of the Song Dynasty."
Let a literati with a proud bone become cautious, dare not say what he thinks in his heart, and can only compose poems to help the ruler whitewash Taiping, which is the "charm" of the imperial examination system under feudal despotism.
The Song Dynasty was also the era when the imperial examination system fell off the altar, and the imperial examination was different from the college entrance examination, which was a test that counted the days, and the imperial examination was an endless hard reading. In the case of long-term physical and mental enslavement, people who are not mentally firm often lose their original hearts and go to the end of the road. The science and technology of the Song Dynasty was far less developed than it is today, and the proof of identity was far less cautious than it is today, and it became extremely easy to cheat in the imperial examination.
In the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing, Qin Wanquan, a scholar, was caused by the impostor examination that "the masses beat Lin Yingchen to death, the soldiers were scattered, and several bad examinations were taken." "The case of fraud for personal gain was never exclusive to the Song Dynasty, and during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Ding Youke Field Case and the Kangxi Period Xin Jiao KeChang Case were also particularly famous, and the invigilators either for profit or for personal gain were doing illegal things in their duties.
Tang Bohu, the head of the four great talents in Jiangnan, who sang "The world laughs at me too crazy, I laugh at the world can't see through it", was also deeply affected by the fraud of the imperial examination.
(Stills of Tang Bohu, the head of the Four Great Talents of Jiangnan)
He became famous at a young age, and at the age of twenty, he took the township exam to the top, and his talent was even greater than that of Liu Yong. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi, Tang Bohu participated in the Beijing Examination, which coincided with Cheng Minzheng and Li Dongyang as the chief examiners. The two of them came up with ingenious questions, and the candidates were overwhelmed, and only Tang Bohu and Xu Jing answered the key questions in the whole scene. I did not think that the gorgeous words of Tang Bohu and Xu Jing had become the fuse for those who played with power, and Cheng Minzheng's political enemies, taking advantage of this incident to frame the two and Cheng Minzheng for participating in the fraud case, and all three of them were imprisoned.
The History of Ming commented on the matter, saying, "Or the prison of Yan Minzheng, Fu Han wanted to seize his position, so that Chang Xiangzhi could not be clear about the secret." It can be seen from this that Tang Bohu's involvement in the fraud case is really a figment. Tang Bohu lost his status as a champion, and although he was given a minor official, he did not take office because of shame, and after returning to his hometown, he suffered a cold eye and a great change in temperament, and after Cheng Minzheng was released from prison, he also died of chest pain and carbuncles.
The imperial examination system deeply stung Tang Bohu's self-esteem, and although he disguised himself as a peach blossom master who was poor and happy, it was difficult to hide his inner loneliness. The peach blossom fairy who "sat in front of the flowers when drunk, and the drunken still came to sleep under the flowers" and Tang Yin, who "ascended to the Heavenly Son's Hall of Twilight", seemed to judge the two of them, and the path of the imperial examination that everyone sought after became Tang Bohu's hypnotic, and the Kangzhuang Avenue of the cold door students became a paradise where the officials of the court were fighting with each other, which was really ridiculous and lamentable.
It is undeniable that the original intention of establishing the imperial examination system was good, but the rulers gave it evil, and the imperial examination under the ancient feudal rule was not so much a broad road as a battlefield without smoke of gunfire. Under the imperial examination system, there are not enough means, and the interests of the students of the cold door cannot be guaranteed, and such a path of examination is nothing more than the profit of the "meat eaters".
Under the imperial dictatorship, the innovative literati were not accepted, the ideology was highly unified, and the students of the cold door could only think according to the emperor's wishes, in such a situation, the proud students of the sky were tantamount to walking dead, and the "charm" of the imperial examination system was to make people enjoy it.
(Ancient students who went to Beijing to take the exam)
Compared with the examination system, the college entrance examination has too many advantages, first of all, it is not a tool to imprison the mind, it advocates a hundred flowers, and secondly, the college entrance examination is absolutely fair, and the examination that eliminates private fraud is the real Kangzhuang Road, and finally the college entrance examination makes the reader have a higher selectivity.
The college entrance examination is the product of the emergence of the new era, students no longer have to be like Kong Yiji, "the one who cares", Liu Yong, Tang Bohu and the like are not afraid of power, have the room to play freely. The biggest difference between the two is that the imperial examination is for the emperor and the country, while the college entrance examination is for oneself.
References: "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Detailed Discussion of the Song Dynasty", "History", "Those Things of the Ming Dynasty", "Zizhi Tongjian", "History of the Evolution of the Imperial Examination"