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Jiangnan Metropolis Daily all-media reporter Liu Huobing reported by photo: "Looking at the changes in our hometown, we are very happy. In the past, we generally stayed away from these waste mines. Don't dare to approach because of the potholes, it is difficult to walk, and it is not very safe. Well, now some of the abandoned mines have become a good place for us to relax on the weekend, and they are beautifully restored and very humane. Thanks to the dedication of the relevant departments to make our home more beautiful. A few days ago, Mr. Lai, a resident of Xunwu County, was full of joy.
Recently, at the Shanshui Project Promotion Conference, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced the first batch of 15 outstanding typical cases of Shanshui Engineering, and the comprehensive treatment and ecological restoration project of Xunwu Abandoned Mine was among them. Since the end of the 70s of the 20th century, the development and production of rare earth in Xunwu has made significant contributions to national construction and foreign exchange earning, but due to the backward production technology and the lack of attention to ecological and environmental protection at that time, 14 square kilometers of abandoned rare earth mines have been left, and the ecological and environmental problems such as vegetation destruction, soil erosion, river siltation, cultivated land inundation, water pollution, and soil acidification are very prominent. In order to change the status quo of the ecological environment in the abandoned mining area, Xunwu County deeply understands and actively practices the concept of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are the community of life", changes the traditional mode of segmentation and single fragmented governance in the past, and implements zoning governance with small watersheds as a unit, first controlling hazards, then rational utilization, and echelon advancement.
Solve the "three-aspect" problem
Solve the problem of propulsion mechanism. The construction of the project adheres to the planning first and the overall promotion, breaks the original "fragmented" governance pattern of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, eliminates the barriers of land, forestry, mine management, environmental protection, water conservancy, transportation and other industries, and coordinates the promotion of four major types of projects such as water protection, mine governance, land consolidation and vegetation restoration, so as to realize the integrated promotion of "mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, roads, landscapes and villages" in the governance area.
Solve the problem of capital investment. On the basis of making full use of the special fund of 74 million yuan for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and the special fund of 93 million yuan for the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Xunwu County fully integrated 789 million yuan of project funds such as horizontal ecological compensation in the upstream and downstream of the Dongjiang Basin, geological environment management of abandoned rare earth mines, transformation of low-quality and inefficient forests, and transfer payment of national ecological function zones, and actively introduced enterprises to invest 244 million yuan to participate in the joint construction of the project, effectively solving the problem of capital investment.
Solve the problem of assessment standards. Comprehensively strengthen the management and protection of the project in the later stage to ensure that the fragile ecological restoration in the early stage of the demonstration area can be professionally maintained, and establish unified assessment standards for the vegetation coverage, soil and water conservation, water quality, and soil physical and chemical properties after the project treatment, specifically: the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water quality in the assessment section of the main sink outlet ≤ 15 mg/L, and the water quality pH value in the range of 6-9; Soil erosion was effectively controlled, and the soil erosion intensity was at the mild erosion level. The surface vegetation coverage rate of the treatment area is greater than 95%.
Explore the "Three Simultaneous Treatments" restoration
The same rule on the mountain and down the mountain. Carry out terrain improvement, slope restoration, sedimentation and drainage, vegetation restoration and other treatment measures on the mountain, fill in the ravines, build ecological retaining walls, and intercept drainage ditches under the mountains to ensure the elimination of geological disasters such as mine collapses, landslides, and debris flows, and control soil erosion.
Above-ground and underground. On the ground, the soil is improved by measures such as guest soil and increased organic fertilizer, and the plane is used for photovoltaic power generation, or cash crops such as kiwifruit, camellia, bamboo cypress, passion fruit, and rape flowers are planted according to local conditions, and the slope surface is restored in various forms such as hole sowing, strip sowing, sprinkling, and spraying. Underground water interception walls, cement mixing piles, high-pressure jet grouting piles and other processes are used to intercept and drain underground polluted water bodies to surface ecological reservoirs and artificial wetlands for pollution reduction and treatment.
The upper and lower basins are governed at the same time. In the upstream, stabilize sand and soil, restore vegetation, control soil erosion, reduce the source of rare earth tailings and ammonia nitrogen in water quality, and achieve "source interception". In the downstream, the water quality is controlled by comprehensive water quality treatment systems such as dredging and dredging, masonry ditch Gebin ecological revetment, construction of cascade constructed wetland, and improvement of water terminal treatment facilities. The upstream and downstream governance target systems are consistent to ensure stable and effective governance of the whole basin.
Promote the development of "three synchronizations".
Comprehensive restoration and governance synchronization. Conduct in-depth analysis of the interrelated ecological problems in the region, accurately analyze the logical relationship between various elements, and coordinate the promotion of all elements at the source and all-round co-governance.
The development of industrial integration is synchronized. The project promotes the construction concept of "ecology +", strives to transform "environmental pain points" into "ecological highlights", "industrial focus" and "beautiful scenic spots", and forms an integrated development model of "primary industry utilization ecology, secondary industry obeys ecology, and tertiary industry protects ecology".
Territorial space optimization and synchronization. Combined with the characteristics of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the basin, efforts should be made to optimize the spatial development layout of the "production-living-living-living" space. In the upper reaches, attention is paid to the ecological space dominated by lucid waters and lush mountains, and the ecological regulation functions of water conservation, soil and water conservation, biodiversity conservation, and riparian ecological stability in the region are comprehensively improved. In the midstream, we will build a people-oriented living space, comprehensively promote the improvement of the rural living environment and the treatment of black and odorous water bodies, improve and upgrade the construction of farmland and mountains, and initially build a comprehensive and beautiful scenic spot with red and green contrasts; Expand and improve the layout of industrial parks, improve the level of green development and recycling in the park, and consolidate the foundation for industrial development.
In the next step, Xunwu County will take this opportunity to promote the project with stronger determination, greater intensity and more practical measures, explore the practice model of "modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature", and contribute more and better experience to the whole country.
Editor on duty: Yan Jiacheng
Duty review: Guo Ning
Duty Editorial Board: Huang Lianwen