Music production and audio engineering is sometimes a complex process that requires monitoring and adjusting various audio levels. Knowing how to read these levels is crucial for anyone who wants to get into the world of music production. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the various levels in music production, from sound pressure levels to voltage levels to DAW metering levels and LUFS. This article will provide you with the knowledge you need to understand the types of levels in music production and take your production to the next level.
Know the signal level
Sound pressure level: Sound pressure level (SPL) measures the intensity of sound in decibels (dB). In music production, sound pressure level is very important because it reflects the loudness of the signal that our ears can perceive. At a monitor volume of around 85 decibels, the frequency response of the mix is the smoothest.
Voltage: Voltage refers to the potential difference between two points in an electronic circuit. In music production, voltage levels play an important role in determining the strength of the audio signal. Knowing the voltage level allows producers to effectively amplify or attenuate signals to ensure optimal performance and clarity of their recordings.
Metrology: Metrology involves the use of a meter on an audio device to accurately display the signal level. Proper metering helps producers gauge the strength of an audio signal and make an informed decision to adjust the signal level for the best sound quality. By mastering sound measurement techniques, music professionals can achieve balanced mixes and recordings with minimal distortion.
Learn about decibels
Decibels (dB) are used in music production to measure the intensity or volume of sound.
It is a logarithmic scale, with every 10 dB increase representing a 10-fold increase in sound intensity.
The decibel scale is relative, comparing one level to another, with 0dB as the reference point.
With decibels, engineers can accurately measure and control sound levels. By understanding how decibels work on a logarithmic scale, producers can make informed decisions about volume when mixing and mastering.
Acoustic decibel level (SPL)
The hearing threshold is the quietest sound a human can hear, measured at 0 dB SPL.
Common decibel SPLs range from 60 dB for normal conversations to 120 dB for rock concerts.
The pain threshold occurs around 130 dB SPL, when the sound is painful.
By understanding the differences between the different dBSPL levels, producers can create impactful and dynamic audio experiences for their listeners.
电压和功率电平：0dBV vs 0dBu vs 0dBm
0dBV: This voltage level is typically used in consumer audio devices, where 0dBV stands for 1 volt. It is important to note that this measurement is relative to a 1 milliwatt reference level for a 600 ohm load.
0dBu: In a professional audio setup, the 0dBu level represents a voltage of about 0.775 volts. This standard is typically used for studio and live sound setups, with "U" standing for "no load" as it refers to not having any specified load impedance.
0dBm: Unlike dBV and dBu, which are based on voltage levels, 0dBm measures power levels relative to 1 milliwatt (mW) to a specified impedance in decibels. In this case, 0dBm equates to exactly 1 milliwatt of output power.
Paying attention to these criteria can help you get the best audio quality and prevent potential issues such as signal distortion or clipping.
DAW 测光: VU 与峰值
When it comes to signal levels in music production and mixing, it's important to understand the difference between a VU (unit of volume) and a peak meter. The peak meter moves faster than the VU meter, but the average level of the VU meter is more accurate.
VU 表：
Measure overall perceived loudness.
Ideal for tracking average volume over a period of time.
Peak Table
Displays the highest level of the signal.
Ideal for detecting instantaneous spikes that can lead to distortion.
By judiciously using both types of meters, producers can ensure that their mixes stay within the optimal level range without sacrificing dynamics or risking clipping.
What is LUFS?
LUFS represents a unit of loudness relative to a full scale.
It measures the perceived loudness of audio content in a standardized way.
Unlike the decibel (dB), which measures the absolute peak level of an audio signal, LUFS takes into account the human perception of loudness.
The LUFS volume is a more accurate reflection of the actual loudness of a piece of music.
0dbFS: Number 0
In digital audio production, 0dbFS refers to the maximum volume that can be performed without clipping or distortion.
Exceeding this level will result in digital distortion and reduced sound clarity.
During mixing and mastering, levels must be monitored to ensure that they do not exceed 0dbFS.