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Before the beginning of the article on the introduction of each vocational education major, the editor must emphasize one point, that is, those who are interested in applying for vocational colleges, whether it is undergraduate, junior college, or secondary vocational level colleges, You have to go to the website of the Ministry of Education Vocational Education Professional Introduction (revised in 2022) column (website: http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A07/zcs_ztzl/2017_zt06/17zt06_bznr/bznr_zdzyxxzyml/) to take a look, of course, there are paper versions of books, and friends who need them go to major e-commerce platforms or bookstores to buy them.
Why? Because the editor's introduction material is mainly from the column, other people's introductions may also refer to the relevant content of the column. More importantly, colleges and universities should carry out professional construction and talent training in accordance with the professional catalog and related introductions.
Today, we are going to introduce the building materials category under the category of energy, power and materials. Many friends even recommend professional experts for everyone, and the concepts of "subject category", "major category" and "class" are often used in a different way, and it is of course okay to say this verbally. However, in the recruitment of graduates, as well as the filling of various forms for graduates, they must be filled in according to the standardized attribution relationship and correct classification.
Regarding the building materials category, I would like to emphasize a few points to you.
First, the building materials market is really a bit weak right now, but it's an industry that will have strong demand at any given time.
Statistics show that in 2023, the market demand for building materials will be weak, and the annual operating income of the building materials industry above designated size will decrease by 7.9% over the previous year, which is 9.0 percentage points lower than the growth rate of industrial enterprises above designated size, and the total profit will decrease by 21.0%, which is 18.7 percentage points lower than that of industrial enterprises above designated size. This is highly consistent with our daily perception, and the prosperity of the building materials market in our city can be glimpsed.
However, we must not underestimate this market.
First of all, building materials are a general term for various materials used in construction projects, which constitute an important material basis for buildings and structures. As long as there is construction activity, there will be building materials.
Secondly, building materials are classified according to the use function, including not only building structural materials such as steel bars and concrete, which are mainly used for the frame and structure of buildings, but also wall materials such as bricks, blocks, and plates of the envelope structure that are mainly used to form buildings, and also building functional materials such as waterproof, decorative and thermal insulation materials that are used to meet the specific functional needs of buildings. With the increasing maturity of the industry market segment, there will be a process of reshuffle and integration in the building materials industry in the future, but it is by no means that the entire industry has been eliminated.
Finally, green transformation is both a challenge and an opportunity. At present, major countries in the world have introduced a series of environmental protection policies to promote the development of the building materials industry in the direction of green, low-carbon and recycling. This provides new opportunities and challenges for the development of the building materials industry. For example, once the new green policy is implemented and gradually accepted by the public, it means that the entire industry will be restructured, and some old buildings will also generate new huge demand.
In short, like the vast majority of other industries, the era of making quick money in the building materials market may have passed, but the prospects for sustainable development are still very broad.
Second, you must read the introduction of each major, and the introduction of others is just "advice".
Since most of you do not know the current situation of professional settings in colleges and universities, especially higher vocational colleges, you may rely more on the introduction and recommendation of relevant parties and experts. It is of course very beneficial to look at some of this content, after all, these professionals have been engaged in the work related to the college entrance examination voluntary application for many years, and will provide us with a lot of useful information.
At the same time, it should be noted that the information you can obtain can also be obtained by others, and there can be no "information gap" in the true sense. For friends who want to choose a good major for their children or for themselves, a more scientific way may be to honestly look up some information on their own. To be honest, these materials are not difficult, as long as you have a primary school culture, you can read them normally.
For example, regarding the vocational education building materials introduced today, candidates and parents must go to the Vocational Education Major Introduction (revised in 2022) column (website: http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A07/zcs_ztzl/2017_zt06/17zt06_bznr/bznr_zdzyxxzyml/) on the website of the Ministry of Education before applying for the exam.
After opening this interface, look for the level you need to apply for, and you must see clearly the three levels of secondary vocational, higher vocational, and vocational undergraduate. Then, we can click on the corresponding level of energy, power and materials to see the following interface.
Further down, click directly on the building materials category, and after entering, you can see the introduction of each major. The introduction inside is very clear. For example, the introduction of the most common building materials engineering technology major at the higher vocational level, that is, at the college level, is as follows:
Professional code 430701
Major: Building Materials Engineering Technology Basic study period Three years
Career orientation
For building materials engineering and technical personnel and other occupations, building materials production technology, process quality inspection and control, intelligent factory central control operation and other positions (groups).
Cultivate targeting
This major cultivates high-quality technical and skilled talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, art and labor, mastering a solid scientific and cultural foundation and knowledge of intelligent production technology and equipment of building materials, having the ability of performance inspection, process quality control, production organization, craftsman spirit and information literacy, and being able to engage in digital production organization, digital production inspection, intelligent central control operation, quality inspection and control, energy-saving diagnosis, etc.
Key Professional Competency Requirements
1. Hands-on ability in map reading, drawing and digitization;
2. Have the ability to inquire, understand and implement product standards, inspection and testing standards, management procedures and norms, laws and regulations;
3. Have the ability to test the performance of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products of building materials;
4. Have the ability to design and optimize the basic formula of building materials;
5. Have the ability of green and low-carbon production organization of building materials, digital production inspection, intelligent central control operation, on-site safety management and process quality control;
6. Have the ability to use, maintain, debug and maintain common building materials production host equipment and important auxiliary equipment, analysis and inspection instruments and equipment;
7. Have the ability to implement intelligent production, green production, safety protection and quality control of building materials;
8. Have the ability to market building materials products and solve complex after-sales technical problems;
9. Ability to engage in inquiry-based learning, lifelong learning, and sustainable development.
Major professional courses and practical training
Basic courses: Building Materials, Introduction to Intelligent Production of Building Materials, Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Fundamentals of Mechanics, Electrical and Electronic Technology, Engineering Drawing and CAD, Silicate Thermal Technology.
Professional core courses: chemical analysis of building materials, physical properties testing of building materials, preparation technology of raw materials of building materials, firing technology of building materials, manufacturing technology of building materials, intelligent inspection of building materials production, quality management and intelligent control of building materials production,
Green energy-saving technology for the production of building materials.
Internship and training: Docking with real career scenarios or work situations, chemical analysis of building materials, material performance testing, building material batch (mix ratio) design, virtual simulation of central control operation of building materials intelligent production, and energy-saving diagnosis of building materials enterprises are carried out inside and outside the school. Internship in cement intelligent manufacturing enterprises, cement-based building materials intelligent manufacturing enterprises, glass intelligent manufacturing enterprises, building ceramics intelligent manufacturing enterprises, concrete and product production enterprises, and strategic emerging industries green energy-saving building materials manufacturing enterprises and other units.
Examples of vocational certificates
Vocational Skill Level Certificate: Civil Engineering Concrete Material Testing, Quality Inspection of Prefabricated Concrete Prefabricated Components Continuing professional examples
Examples of continuing higher vocational undergraduate majors: intelligent manufacturing of building materials, new materials and application technology
Examples of continuing undergraduate majors: Materials Science and Engineering, Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering, Functional Materials
Xiaobian believes that these introductions are very necessary for ordinary people. By looking at these introductions, you can clearly know the career orientation, training target positioning, main professional ability requirements, main professional courses and internship training of each major, as well as examples of vocational certificates and examples of continuing higher vocational undergraduate and ordinary undergraduate majors.
In particular, certificates and post-secondary majors are very important. The first is a stepping stone to our future career development, and the second is a path for those who continue their studies after graduation.
Third, don't be obsessed with your major, and choose your target university first
Is it important to fill in the college entrance examination voluntarily? Of course it's important.
If you are able to get more than one batch or a special type of enrollment control line, then applying for a major has a certain impact on your future development, and it is not only necessary but also conditional to consider the major in the most important position. For these candidates, their results are enough to ensure that they go to a satisfactory major, and it is a big deal to lower the grade of the institution.
What about the other candidates? Personally, I think it's more important to have a university and a city. For example, if you don't even have a score line, and you still want to go to a popular major, can you? Of course, you can, but the colleges and universities you leave for yourself will be very ordinary, either the city is not good, or the upgrade time is not long, or the major of the institution is not open for a long time. In this context, choosing a good major really has a good future, and that may be the wise seeing the wise and the benevolent.
For friends who can only go to higher vocational colleges, whether they are junior colleges or vocational undergraduates, Xiaobian strongly recommends that they must choose a good college. Nowadays, in many places, even in the county, there are higher vocational colleges, and how to choose colleges and universities is particularly important. Xiaobian has read the annual report on the quality of higher vocational education in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country, and found that the tertiary industry plays a major role in the employment of higher vocational graduates. Of course, no, it can only show that the first job of most vocational graduates is in the service industry. Let's take a look at how the three industries are divided, and the quoted content comes from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics.
The tertiary industry includes: wholesale and retail trade, transportation, warehousing and postal industry, accommodation and catering industry, information transmission, software and information technology service industry, financial industry, real estate industry, leasing and business service industry, scientific research and technical service industry, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry, resident service, repair and other service industry, education, health and social work, culture, sports and recreation industry, public administration, social security and social organizations, international organizations, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, animal husbandry, Fishery profession and auxiliary activities, mining profession and auxiliary activities in the mining industry, metal products, machinery and equipment repair in the manufacturing industry.
Are the barriers to entry for these service industries high? The answer, of course, is not necessarily. At the very least, the barriers to entry are not high in the wholesale and retail trade, transportation, warehousing and postal services, accommodation and catering industries, real estate, leasing and business services. The main advantage of vocational graduates over job seekers with a high school degree or less may be academic qualifications rather than anything else.
Again, if your grades are not good, there is no hope of repeating your studies, so you should first ensure that you have a higher education diploma. It's not too late to leave professional matters to after graduation.
Special note: The relevant materials in this article are all from the Ministry of Education and relevant colleges and universities and relevant media reports.