China's five major operas 1, Peking Opera, also known as Ping opera, Beijing opera, etc., is the most influential opera genre in China, distributed in Beijing as the center, throughout the country. In 2010, it was listed

China's five major operas

1. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as Ping opera, Beijing opera, etc., is the most influential opera genre in China, with Beijing as the center and spread throughout the country.

In 2010, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List (Roster) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Rise time: From the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), the four hui classes of Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Chun, which were originally performed in the south, successively entered Beijing, until the 20th year of Daoguang to the 10th year of Xianfeng (1840-1860), through the confluence of Hui opera, Qin opera and Han tones, and borrowed from the absorption of Kunqu opera and Beijing opera to form Peking Opera.

Representative repertoire: "Cosmic Front", "Yutang Spring", "Changsaka slope", "Heroes of the Crowd", "Fishing and Killing The Family", "Five People Righteous", "Pick a Scooter", "Playing Golden Branches", "June Snow", "Four Soldiers", "Searching for Orphans and Saving Orphans", "Blocking Horses", "Jin Yunu", "Fan Jiangguan", "Wild Boar Forest", "Eight Sledgehammers", "Empty City Plan M", "Overlord Farewell", "Wisdom to Conquer The Tiger Mountain", etc

Classification of trades: Roles are divided into four types: raw, dan, net, and ugly

Classification of singing voices: Peking Opera is mainly divided into two categories: "Xipi" and "Erhuang"

The four artistic techniques of Peking Opera performance: singing, reading, doing and playing are also the four basic skills of Peking Opera performance

Peking Opera Danjiao is mainly divided into four major genres: Mei school, Cheng school, Xun school, and Shang school

2. Yue opera

Yue opera - the second largest genre of drama in China, known as the second national opera, is also known as "the most widely circulated local drama genre", some people believe that it is "the largest local opera drama", known as "Chinese opera" abroad.

In 2006, Yue opera was one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Rise time: "Yue opera" originated from the "landing singing book", on September 17, 1925, the "Du Ban" performed in the small world playground, for the first time in the "Declaration" advertisement called "Yue opera".

Representative repertoire: "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Dream of the Red Chamber", "Xi Xiang Zhi", "Xiang Lin Sister-in-law", "Liu Yi Biography", "Mountain and River Love", "Yutang Chun", "Meng Lijun", "Playing Golden Branch", "Jingchao", "Xiyuan Ji", "White Snake Biography", "Li Wa Biography", "White Rabbit Chronicle", "Han Palace Complaint", "Peacock Southeast Flying", "Mu Guiying Hanging Commander", "Lu You and Tang Wan", "Tanuki Cat for Prince", "Home", etc.

Originated in Shengzhou, Zhejiang, originated in Shanghai, prosperous in the country, spread in the world, in the development of Kunqu opera, drama, Shao opera and other characteristic dramas of the culmination, experienced from the men's Yue opera to the women's Yue opera as the main historical evolution.

Yue opera is longer than lyrical, mainly singing, beautiful and beautiful voice, real and moving performance, aesthetic and elegant, very Jiangnan spirit and show atmosphere; mostly based on the theme of "talent and beauty", art genres are diverse, and there are as many as thirteen major genres recognized.

3. Huangmei drama

Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune or tea picking drama, originated from Hubei Huangmei, formerly known as Huangmei tune, tea picking drama, etc., is now circulating in Anqing City, Anhui Province, Huangmei County, Hubei Province and other places, is one of the Han operas.

On May 20, 2006, Huangmei Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Rise time: The origin of Huangmei opera can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. According to historical records, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Huangmei tea song was very popular, and through the development of song song songs and the influence of yuan dynasty miscellaneous dramas, it gradually formed the prototype of folk opera. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huangmei County was more popular. From the end of the Qianlong Dynasty to the early days of the development of Huangmei opera around the Xinhai Revolution.

Representative repertoire: "Tianxian Match", "Cowherd Weaver Girl", "Huaiyin", "Female Horse", "Meng Lijun", "Husband and Wife Watching the Lantern", "Playing Pig Grass", "Willow Well", "Blue Bridge Society", "Road Encounter", "Wang Xiaoliu Dozen Tofu", "Xiaocidian", "Yutang Spring", etc

Other key knowledge: Huangmei opera is known for its lyricism, rich charm, simple and fresh singing voice, delicate and moving, known for its bright lyricism, rich in expression, and easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by the masses everywhere.

There are three forms of Huangmei opera singing cavity: the main cavity, the flower cavity, and the three cavities (the collective name of the three cavities of "color cavity", "immortal cavity" and "Yinsi cavity").

4. Comment on the drama

Commentary, spread in northern China, is one of the traditional Han opera dramas, is one of the majority of the people like to hear the drama, the evaluation of drama has the East Road, west road, and the East Road commentary is the mainstay.

On May 20, 2006, the opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Rise time: At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was formed on the basis of the small song "Counterpart Lotus Fall" in luan county, Hebei, which was first popular in rural Hebei and then entered Tangshan, called "Tangshan Luozi". Since 1935, a large number of artists have flocked to the south, performing in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other places, and later to Chongqing, Chengdu, Guiyang and other places, and took root in these areas. At the beginning of this year, the name "Commentary" appeared in the Advertisement of Shanghai Newspaper Drama.

Representative repertoire: "Jinsha Riverside", "Baiyue", "Xie Yaohuan", "Home", "Qiankun Belt", "FengHui Nest", "Han Yuniang", "Peach Blossom Nunnery" and so on

The artistic characteristics of the commentary are: known for singing, clear words, simple and easy to understand lyrics, clear singing, strong atmosphere of performance life, and cordial folk flavor. Its form is lively, free, and the best at expressing contemporary people's lives, so there are large audiences in both cities and villages.

The commentary cavity is a plate cavity, with a variety of plate types such as slow plates, two and six plates, stacked plates and loose plates.

5. Yu opera

Yu opera, originating in the Central Plains (Kaifeng, Henan), is the largest local opera genre in the mainland and ranks first in all parts of the country. Yu opera is constantly inherited, reformed and innovated on the basis of Henan Zizi.

In 2006, Yuju opera was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.

Rise time: Yu opera originated in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and was developed on the basis of the fashion small orders (folk songs, minor keys) prevalent in Henan, drawing on the artistic factors of Kun cavity, blowing cavity, leather spring and other kinds of Zizi sound cavity drama.

In 1924, Wang Yicheng published an article entitled "General Theory of Yu Opera" in the "Drama Weekly" supplement of the Beijing News, in which Yu opera was a general term for all drama genres in Henan Province.

Representative repertoire: "Yellow Crane Tower", "Empty Printing Box", "Mu Guiying Hanging Commander", "Three Thieves Order", "Broken Bridge", "The Case of Gongmei", "Three Weeping Halls", "Jade Qilin", "Beheading the Yellow Robe", "Chaoyanggou", "Liu Hulan", "Li Shuangshuang", "People Cheering horses", "Little Erhei Marriage" and so on