Darwin, the capital and major port of Northern Australia. It is at the northeast entrance to Darwin Harbour and borders Beagle Bay on the Timor Sea to the north.
In 1839, Wickham, the captain of the Beagle, discovered the port of Darwin, and named it after the famous passenger on board, the scientist Charles Robert Darwin (that is, the famous British biologist Charles Darwin), because Darwin visited the place, so it was named.
Founded in 1870 and established in 1959, it was quickly rebuilt into a modern city after a hurricane nearly completely destroyed it in 1974.
It has a population of 106,000. Residents include Greeks, Italians, Chinese, Filipinos and indigenous peoples. There are many Chinese and overseas Chinese, who came here as early as the 50s of the 19th century. Darwin residents are good drinkers of beer, and their per capita beer consumption is second only to Munich, Germany, ranking second in the world.
The city of Darwin has an equatorial maritime climate with an average temperature of 28.7°C in January.
Darwin's proximity to Asia makes it an important export port, mainly for the export of live livestock (cattle, sheep) and minerals. Darwin is also an important military base in Australia.
Previously, the railway would travel 467km south to Birdham, where it would turn to Alice Springs, a city in central Australia, to connect to the southern port. In 2003, the Adelaide-Darwin railway was completed and opened to traffic, opening up rail traffic between the north and south of Australia.
Darwin is an export port and trading center for copper, gold, manganese, iron, uranium and other minerals in northern Australia, with air stations connecting Asia and Europe, and a submarine telegraph line to Java Island.
The centre of Darwin's city is on a narrow island north of Darwin Harbour, with the outskirts of the city extending along the harbour, with the main thoroughfare, Smith Street, about 20 kilometres long.
Darwin has a savannah climate and the year is divided into rainy and dry seasons. Tourist attractions in Darwin's urban and suburban areas include the Botanical Gardens, Alo Oga Park, Howard Hot Springs, and more.
In the vicinity of Litca Pastoral Park, which is about 120 km away from the city, there is a grassland with an area of 4 km2, and more than 10,500 yellow stone pillars composed of ant mountains stand proudly in the middle, like a magnificent stone forest.
Most of the ant "mountains" are 1m wide, more than 30cm thick, and several meters high.