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Chapter 1 Project Overview
1.1 Project Overview
项目名称：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX机房建置工程项目
Project location: XXX, Shanghai
Located on the southwest side of the office area on the third floor, the computer room of the Shanghai Headquarters Building covers an area of about 110 square meters and is divided into three functional areas, namely the main equipment room, the battery room and the fire cylinder room.
According to the requirements of the computer room, the design mainly includes the following subsystems:
1) Decoration projects, mainly including ground engineering, top engineering, wall engineering, doors and windows and other projects in the computer room area;
2) The power system should include distribution cabinets, distribution cables, computer room lighting, and strong current bridges;
3) UPS system, including UPS equipment used in the computer room and its batteries and other ancillary equipment.
4) Lightning protection and grounding engineering, mainly including lightning protection and grounding system in the computer room area;
5) Precision air-conditioning system: including precision air-conditioning in the computer room area;
6) Fresh air system: including the internal fresh air system of the computer room;
7) Environmental control system, including temperature and humidity, power supply and distribution, access control, UPS equipment, video surveillance, air conditioning, fire protection, and water leakage monitoring in the computer room area;
8) Integrated wiring, including wiring between the server cabinet and the column head cabinet in the computer room;
9) Cold and hot aisle cabinet system, including cabinet system and cold aisle enclosed components;
10) FM200 automatic fire extinguishing system, including the construction of heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system in the machine room area.
1.2 Design Principles
When carrying out the engineering design of the computer room, the following principles are mainly followed:
Practicality and advancement
The infrastructure of the computer room adopts advanced and mature technology and equipment to meet the current needs, take into account the future business needs, and use the most advanced technology, equipment and materials as much as possible to meet the needs of high-speed data transmission, so that the whole system can maintain the advanced technology for a period of time and has good development potential. On the basis of the use of advanced technology to ensure its practicality. In order to meet the needs of the future development of the information industry business and technological upgrading.
Safe and reliable
In order to ensure that various business applications require the computer room to provide high-reliability guarantee, it is necessary to design and construct the equipment room with high reliability in all aspects such as layout, structural design, equipment selection, and daily maintenance. On the basis of hardware backup, redundancy and other reliability technologies for key equipment, relevant software technologies are used to provide strong management mechanisms, control methods, accident monitoring, security and confidentiality and other technical measures to improve the safety and reliability of the computer room.
standardization
Standardization is critical. In the system structure design of the computer room, based on international standards and relevant national standards, including various buildings, computer room design standards, power and electrical security standards, adhere to the principle of unified specifications, so as to lay the foundation for future business development and equipment capacity increase.
Flexibility and scalability
The computer room must have good flexibility and scalability, and be able to expand the equipment capacity and improve the number and quality of users according to the needs of the continuous development of the computer room. It has the ability to support a variety of network transmissions and multiple physical interfaces, providing flexibility for technology upgrades and equipment updates.
Manageability
The manageability of each system in the computer room is very important, and a comprehensive and complete computer room management and monitoring system must be established. The selected equipment should have intelligent and manageable functions, and at the same time adopt advanced management and monitoring system equipment and software to achieve advanced centralized management and monitoring, real-time monitoring and monitoring of the operation status of the entire computer room, real-time mail, voice alarm, and real-time event recording, so that the fault can be quickly determined, the performance and reliability of the operation can be improved, and the maintenance work of the computer room management personnel can be simplified, so as to provide the most powerful guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the computer room.
1.3 Design basis
The design reference standard specifications are as follows (but not limited to):
1) Data Center Design Code GB50174-2017
2) Design Standards for Intelligent Buildings GB50314-2015
3) Code for Fire Protection of Building Interior Decoration Design GB50222-2017
4) "General Specification for Anti-static Raised Floor" GB/T 36340-2018
5) Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings JGJ16-2008
6) "Code for Design of Low-voltage Power Distribution" GB50054-2011
7) Code for lightning protection design of buildings GB50057-2010
8) Technical Code for Lightning Protection of Electronic Information Systems in Buildings GB50343-2012
9) Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Civil Buildings GB50736-2012
10) Code for Engineering Design of Integrated Wiring System GB 50311-2016
11) Code for Design of Gas Fire Extinguishing System GB 50370-2005
12) Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50116-2013
13) "Technical Specifications for Safety and Prevention Engineering" GB50348-2018
1.4 Acceptance basis
The acceptance reference standard specifications are as follows (not limited to):
1) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Data Center Infrastructure GB50462-2015
2) Code for Quality Acceptance of Intelligent Building Engineering GB 50339-2013
3) "Quality Acceptance Standards for Building Decoration and Decoration Projects" GB50210-2018
4) Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Electrical Engineering GB50303-2015
5) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Grounding Devices for Electrical Installation Engineering GB 50169-2016
6) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Low-voltage Electrical Appliances in Electrical Installation Engineering GB 50254-2014
7) Code for Construction and Quality Acceptance of Lightning Protection Engineering in Buildings GB50601-2010
8) "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering" GB50243-2016
9) "Code for Acceptance of Integrated Wiring System Engineering" GB/T 50312-2016
10) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Gas Fire Extinguishing System GB50263-2007
11) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Automatic Fire Alarm System (GB50166-2007)
12) Rules for the Acceptance of Security and Prevention Systems GA/308-2001
Chapter 2 Air Conditioning Systems
2.1 Demand analysis
Air conditioning is very important for the safe operation of electronic information equipment, so the selection principle of air conditioning equipment in the computer room is high reliability firstly, followed by low operating cost, high efficiency and energy saving, low noise and low vibration.
A drainage system is installed on the ground of the main engine room. Water retention and drainage facilities are provided on the ground.
The data center should not have water supply and drainage pipes unrelated to the equipment in the host room passing through the host room, and the relevant water supply and drainage pipes should not be arranged above the electronic information equipment. The water supply pipe entering the main engine room should be equipped with valves.
The water supply and drainage pipes in the data center should be protected from leakage and condensation.
The water supply and drainage pipes passing through the main engine room should be concealed or casing should be protected by leakage. Casing should be set at the place where the pipeline passes through the wall and floor of the main engine room, and sealing measures should be taken between the pipe and the casing.
When there is a floor drain in the main engine room and auxiliary area, a special floor drain or a self-closing floor drain for the clean room should be used, and a water seal device should be added under the floor drain, and measures should be taken to prevent the water seal from being damaged and overflowing.
The water supply and drainage pipes and their insulation materials in the data center shall be made of materials not lower than B1.
The dust concentration in the air of the main engine room, tested under static or dynamic conditions, should be less than 17,600,000 particles per cubic meter of air with a particle size greater than or equal to 0.5 μm.
2.2 Design Principles
The design and selection of data center air conditioning system is based on advanced technology, practical system, perfect technical measures, good equipment performance, reasonable structure, low cost and low maintenance.
1) Advanced
The design of the whole system is forward-looking under the premise of satisfying the existing functions, and the system design is forward-looking, and it will maintain a certain degree of technological advancement for a long time in the future.
2) Safety
The key equipment and design of the system should take backup and redundancy measures to ensure the long-term normal operation of the system.
3) Practicality
Select the air conditioning system according to the construction level, geographical location, and different application scenarios of the data center. Provide air conditioning systems that are easy to operate, flexible, easy to manage and maintain.
4) Economy
On the premise of meeting the system function and performance requirements, the system construction cost should be reduced as much as possible, and economical and practical technology and equipment should be adopted.
2.3 Load calculation
The cooling load of the air conditioning system is mainly the heat dissipation of electronic information equipment such as servers. Electronic information equipment generates a large amount of heat (about 97% of the electricity consumed is converted into heat), has a high heat density, and has a large cooling load in summer, so the air conditioning design of the data center mainly considers the summer cooling load.
The summer cooling load of the air conditioning system should include the following:
1. Heat dissipation of equipment in the data center;
2. The building envelope is heated;
3 Solar radiant heat entering through exterior windows;
4. Human body heat dissipation;
5. Heat dissipation of lighting fixtures;
6 Fresh air load;
7 Latent heat generated by various dispersion processes.
The wet load of the air-conditioning system shall include the following:
1. The human body dissipates moisture;
2 Neorheumatic load;
3. Leakage air moisture load;
4. The envelope structure is wet.
The power and area method is used to calculate the heat load of the computer room:
Qt=Q1+Q2
Among them, the total cooling capacity of Qt (KW)
Q1 Indoor IT equipment load (= equipment power×0.8)
Q2 environmental heat load (=0.12~0.18KW/m2× computer room area), the southern region can choose 0.18, while the northern region usually chooses 0.12
The heat load calculation of the computer room of this project is shown in the following table:
| project | Cold aisle-A | Cold aisle-B |
| Number of cabinets | 19 | 12 |
| Cabinet power density | Single cabinet 4KW (high density) | Single cabinet 3KW (low density) |
| IT equipment load (KW) | (19*4)*0.8=60.8KW | (12*3)*0.8=28.8KW |
| Environmental heat load | 24㎡*180W/㎡=2.4KW | 17㎡*180W/㎡=3.06KW |
| Total heat load: | 65.12KW | 31.86KW |
| Air conditioning configuration | 25KW*4 sets(3+1) | 39KW*2 units(1+1) |
2.4 Airflow organization design
From the perspective of energy saving, this project adopts inter-row refrigeration and air conditioning before and after air return, and adopts cold aisle closure technology to effectively isolate cold and hot air flow and improve the refrigeration efficiency of air conditioning in the computer room.
The cooling + cold aisle closure mode between the columns, the airflow organization form is as follows:
1) The cabinet and the classified air conditioner are arranged "face to face", and the cold air sent by the classified air conditioner enters the channel in the middle of the cabinet to form a "cold aisle";
2) Due to the closure of the cold aisle, the cold air flow cannot further diffuse to the upper part of the channel and both ends of the channel, so all of them enter the cabinet;
3) The cold air absorbs the heat dissipation of the IT equipment in the cabinet and turns it into hot air, and then discharges it, which is sucked in by the classified air conditioner, and the hot air is cooled again in the classified air conditioner and sent into the cold aisle to enter the next round of circulation.
Simulation diagram of cold aisle closed airflow, as shown in the figure below:
Figure 1 Airflow diagram of the cold aisle closed equipment room
2.5 Air conditioning design scheme
2.5.1 Cooling method
The precision air conditioners selected for the refrigeration scheme of the computer room are all air-cooled units.
The biggest advantage of air-cooled air conditioning is that the refrigeration copper pipe pipeline is easy to install, maintainable, and has high system reliability, so it is widely used in small and medium-sized data centers. Since the difference between the indoor and outdoor units of this project is within the range of XXXX, and the total length of the pipeline does not exceed 50m, the air-cooling scheme is recommended. High efficiency and energy saving, low overall operation and maintenance costs, easy installation and construction, no mutual impact, higher reliability.
2.5.2 Air conditioning selection and layout
The high-density (cabinet according to 4KW) area is equipped with 4 sets of 25KW refrigeration capacity precision air conditioners, 3+1 redundant party design, and the low-density (cabinet according to 3KW) area is equipped with 2 sets of 39KW refrigeration capacity precision air conditioners, 1+1 redundancy design.
Precision air conditioning layout diagram, see the following figure for details:
Figure 2 Layout diagram of precision air conditioner
2.5.3 Equipment introduction
Introduction to technical parameters, features and functions
Introduction to humidification methods
Operating environment parameters
2.5.4 Indoor air design parameters
Cold Aisle Environmental Requirements:
Temperature in cold aisle or cabinet inlet area: 18°C ~27°C (recommended), 15°C ~32°C (allowed)
Relative humidity and dew point temperature in the air inlet area of the cold aisle or cabinet: the dew point temperature is 5.5°C ~ 15°C, and the relative humidity is not more than 60%.
When the cabinet or rack is arranged in the mode of separation of cold and hot aisles, the ambient temperature and dew point temperature of the main engine room shall be subject to the measurement parameters of the cold aisle. When the electronic information equipment is not arranged by the separation of cold and hot aisles, the ambient temperature and dew point temperature of the main engine room shall be subject to the measurement parameters of the air supply area.
Environmental requirements for outdoor units:
Due to the underground in Shanghai, the outdoor temperature is high in summer, and the outdoor unit is selected as XXX, because of XXXX
2.5.5 Air conditioning group control
The air conditioning configuration of the computer room adopts N+1 redundancy, the redundancy mode can be set to group control, several units can be set as standby, the usual state of the standby machine is shutdown (wind mechanism), and the standby function can be rotated by day (time can be set), and the rotation can be executed according to the number of optional groups. For example, if the number of shifts is 1, the order of the standby shifts is from 1-2 to 2-3. If a running unit in the group control cannot be contacted (malfunctioned) or after a compressor lock-up or high-temperature alarm or temperature sensor failure, one standby unit is activated until all standby units are activated.
For details of the precision air conditioner group control networking, see the following table:
2.6 Water supply and drainage, waterproof scheme
A waterproof cofferdam of appropriate height should be set under the floor of the air-conditioning installation area, and a floor drain should be set in the cofferdam to prevent flooding and timely drainage, and the ground and waterproof cofferdam in the waterproof cofferdam should be waterproofed. In order to make the water situation can be dealt with in time, a water leakage alarm system is adopted in the place where water may be generated (around the special air conditioner in the computer room).
The use of clean room special floor drain or self-closing floor drain, the self-closing floor drain is characterized by the automatic opening and closing valve is set in the water storage cavity, and the opening and closing valve is automatically opened when the water is launched, so that the water is directly discharged to the pipeline; When the water stops, the opening and closing valve will be automatically closed to achieve the functions of anti-overflow, anti-insect and anti-odor.
Strengthen the water seal protection of the floor drain. Because the floor drain has limited water sealing capacity, and it is impossible to have water replenishment on the floor drain grate, when the floor drain must be set up, in order to prevent the odor of the outdoor sewage pipe from backing up, reliable measures to prevent the destruction of the water seal should be added under the floor drain.
In order to prevent condensation of water supply and drainage pipelines, insulation measures should be taken for pipelines, and B1 materials that are difficult to burn should be selected for insulation materials.
Waterproof cofferdam practice
2.7 Air conditioning unit scheme
If there are no special requirements on site, when the outdoor unit is higher than the indoor unit, it is recommended that the maximum vertical distance is 20 meters; When the outdoor unit is lower than the indoor unit, it is recommended that the maximum vertical distance is 5 meters; It is recommended that the total length of the pipeline should not exceed 60 meters.
When the outdoor unit is higher than the indoor unit, it is recommended to install a "U" type return bend according to the requirements. The total length of the pipeline is more than 30 meters, and the pipeline extension assembly is installed.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of the outdoor unit higher than the indoor unit
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the indoor unit being higher than the outdoor unit
2.8 Fire linkage
When the fire is linked, the alarm controller sends a signal to turn off the power of the air conditioner after receiving the alarm signal.
Chapter 3 Fresh Air System
3.1 Demand analysis
Positive pressure should be maintained in the main engine room. The pressure difference between the main engine room and other rooms and corridors should not be less than 5 Pa, and the static pressure difference between the main engine room and other rooms and corridors should not be less than 10 Pa.
The fresh air ventilation system in the computer room has two main functions: one is to provide enough fresh air to the computer room and create a good working environment for the staff; The second is to maintain the positive pressure difference between the computer room and the outside to avoid dust entry and ensure that the computer room has a better cleanliness.
The fresh air system should be equipped with primary and intermediate filters, and when the environmental conditions are not good, sub-high efficiency filters and chemical filtration devices can be added.
3.2 Fresh air calculation
The fresh air volume of the air-conditioning system shall be the maximum of the following two items:
1 According to the calculation of staff, 40m3/h per person;
2 The air volume required to maintain positive indoor pressure.
The area of the computer room is S=110 square meters, the net height of the computer room is 3 meters, the volume is 330 m³, and the fresh air volume required by the computer room per hour is 660 m³ based on the calculation of 2 air changes per hour.
3.3 Selection and layout of new fans
Layout diagram of the fresh air system room
3.4 Equipment introduction
Product introduction of new fan
3.5 Fire linkage
The air inlet duct of the new fan is designed with an electric fire damper, which is interlocked with the fire signal. When a fire occurs, the electric fire damper will automatically close to prevent the fire extinguishing gas from being discharged out of the outdoor along the new air duct and weaken the fire extinguishing function.
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