The Treaty of Aihun clearly stipulates that the expulsion of Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast is not allowed!
Author: Wen Reading History (I hope you will support and pay more attention to Wen Reading History)
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I. Introduction
In the long course of history, the signing of treaties has often carried political, economic, cultural and other considerations between two or more countries. However, these treaties often also contain safeguards for the rights and interests of specific groups. This article will use the Treaty of Aihun as an example to discuss its explicit provisions for Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast, that is, they are not allowed to be expelled. This provision not only reflects respect for the local population, but also provides us with a profound historical reflection.
II. Background of the Signing of the Aihui Treaty
The Treaty of Aihui, also known as the Peace Treaty of Aihuicheng, was an unequal treaty signed on April 16 (May 28) in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858) of the Qing Dynasty between Yishan, the Heilongjiang general of the Qing Dynasty, and Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov, the Russian governor of Eastern Siberia, in Aihui (now Aihui District, Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province). The treaty was signed against a complex backdrop that involved long-standing disputes and territorial disputes between China and Russia in the Heilongjiang River basin. After the Opium War, the Qing government's national strength was declining, and in the face of Russia's aggressive expansion, the territorial issue in the Heilongjiang region became the focus of contradictions between the two countries.
3. The main contents of the Treaty of Aihun and its provisions for the local Chinese
The main contents of the Aihui Treaty included: the cession of about 600,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory north of the Heilongjiang River and south of the Outer Khing'an Mountains to Russia; The territory of China east of the Ussuri River is to be administered by China and Russia; The Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers, which were originally part of China's inland waterways, allowed Chinese and Russian ships to sail. However, among these seemingly harsh terms, there is a provision that is extremely favorable to the local Chinese, that is, "on the left bank of the Heilongjiang River, from the south of the Jingqili River to the Gol Mol Jintun, the original Manchurians and the like shall still be allowed to live forever in the tun where they live, and shall remain under the administration of the ministers and officials of the Manchukuo State, and the Russians shall be reconciled and shall not be violated." This provision explicitly guarantees the right of residence and management of Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast, and protects them from eviction and harassment.
4. The living conditions of the Chinese under the provisions of the Treaty of Aihui
Under the guarantee of the Treaty of Aihui, the Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast were able to continue to thrive on this land. They maintain their original way of life and cultural traditions, and live peacefully with the Russians. However, this peace is not entirely without its promises. In the years after the signing of the treaty, with the continuous expansion and penetration of Russian power, the living environment of the local Chinese also faced many challenges. They had to deal not only with political and economic pressure from Russia, but also with the effects of force majeure such as natural disasters and diseases. However, under the protection of the treaty, they still held on to their faith and dignity and fought hard to defend their homeland and national dignity.
5. The historical significance and practical enlightenment of the provisions of the Aihui Treaty
The explicit provisions in the Treaty of Aihun for Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast are of great historical significance. It embodies respect and protection for the local population, and also provides us with a deep historical reflection. In today's world, with the deepening development of globalization and the increasing complexity of international relations, exchanges and cooperation between countries are becoming increasingly close. However, in such exchanges and cooperation, we should always bear in mind the importance of respecting and protecting the rights and interests of the people of all countries. Only in this way can we establish genuine international friendly relations and promote the progress and development of human civilization.
At the same time, the provisions of the Aihui Treaty also provide us with practical enlightenment. In today's China, with the rapid development of the economy and the continuous progress of society, people's living standards have been significantly improved. However, in this process, we should also pay attention to the survival and development of those people living in relatively backward areas such as border areas and minority areas. We should respect their cultural traditions and ways of life, and provide them with the necessary support and assistance so that they can share in the fruits of national development and prosperity.
VI. Conclusions
The Treaty of Aihun clearly stipulates that the expulsion of Chinese already living in the Outer Northeast is not allowed, which not only reflects respect and protection for local residents, but also provides us with profound historical reflection and practical enlightenment. In today's world, we should always uphold the principle of respecting and protecting the rights and interests of the people of all countries and promote the progress and development of human civilization. At the same time, within China, we should also pay attention to the survival and development of those living in relatively backward areas, and provide them with necessary support and assistance, so that they can share the fruits of national development and prosperity. Only in this way will we be able to establish the basis for genuine international friendly relations and social harmony and stability.