Detailed explanation of CPU knowledge and lightning protection
Intel Core series
With a K suffix: the CPU can be overclocked and has a core graphics
With F: The CPU does not have a core graphics card and cannot be overclocked
尾缀带H或U:笔记本电脑魔改版CPU
Suffix with KS or X: Extra chip can be overclocked and has a core display
No suffix: The CPU has a core graphics and cannot be overclocked
For example: i5 -12600KF means that the CPU of this 12th generation i5 can be overclocked and has no GPU
AMD Ryzen Ryzen series
5000 series suffix with X: Support automatic overclocking without core
5000 series without suffix: the regular frequency version has no core display
5000 series suffix with G: with VEGA core display, which is often referred to as APU
5000 series suffix with X3D: supports automatic overclocking and has 3D cache7000 series suffix with F: indicates that the CPU has no core graphics
7000 Series Suffix with X: Supports automatic overclocking and has a core graphics card
7000 series suffix with X3D: support automatic overclocking, 3D cache, and core graphics
For example, the R7-7800X3D indicates that the CPU of the 7000 series R7 supports automatic overclocking
Lightning protection
- 别买12代intel和AMD5000系锐龙之前的CPU
- Don't buy Intel's Celeron & Pentium & Xeon series (for ordinary users)
- Don't buy E5 server CPU (except for multi-opening bricks)
- Don't buy CPUs with H, HX, and U suffix, they are all magic modifications of laptops, don't just look at the number of CPU cores, the game mainly eats the main frequency of the CPU, and the lightning protection i9 level CPU.
Detailed Graphics Card Knowledge (N Card)
Series: 30 series/40 series
Traditional strengths: Ray tracing/DLSS/game optimization
Power supply: The high-end model of the 40 series adopts the new 16pin interface (12VHPWR)
Power consumption: The heating power consumption of 40 series of the same specification is lower than that of 30 series
Common brands: ASUS/Gigabyte/MSI/Rainbow/Yinglax/ZOTAC, etc
Detailed knowledge of graphics card (A card)
Series: RX6000 series/RX7000 series
Traditional strengths: large video memory/large bit width/FSR/game optimization
Power supply: traditional 8+8 interface
Power consumption: Compared with N cards, A cards have higher power consumption temperatures
Common brands: ASUS/Sapphire/Gigabyte/Xunjing/Hankai/MSI, etc
It should be noted that the colorful graphics card is a quasi-first-line brand, and other product lines can only barely second-line before buying the 30 series and 6000 series, pay attention to the risk of mining cards. At present, the new AMD driver has greatly reduced the probability of dropping the driver, and the intel graphics card and Moore threads are not recommended at present, the optimization is not in place, and the application range is narrow. The current Super series of the 40 series is worth buying.
Detailed explanation of hard disk knowledge
HDD
Capacity: 1T-16T
Speed: 5400 rpm - 15000 rpm
Disks: vertical disks and shingled disks
Sizes: 3.5 inches and 2.5 inches
Usage: Consumer, Surveillance, Server, Enterprise, NAS, etc
Brand: Western Digital/Seagate/Toshiba, etc
Solid state drives
Capacity: 128G-16T
协议速度:PCIE4.0>PCIE3.0>SATA
Size: 2280 (mainstream)/2242/22110
Granules: Original granules> purchase white > black films
Mainstream type: TLC>QLC
Main control: Samsung, Phison, Lianyun, Continental, etc
Common brands: Samsung/Western Digital/Kingston/Lexar/Critical / Jinbaida Acer / Zhizhi, etc
It should be noted that do not buy mechanical hard disks with a capacity of less than 1T, which have been eliminated; Buy vertical disks, don't buy shingled disks with short lifespans; Ordinary users can buy a 7200 rpm disk; After-sales comes with data repair for best. B660 and B550 and above chipsets, support 4.0 solid-state, can also be backward compatible with 3.0, game disk can choose cheap large bowl QLC, storage of important data choose the original TLC. The 4.0 disc generates a lot of heat, it is recommended to install a heat spreader, the difference between the 3.0 and 4.0 disc is minimal in daily use, but it will be much faster than the SATA disk.
Memory knowledge explained
DDR4 memory
频率：3200Mhz/3600Mhz/4000Mhz等
Timing: C12-C22, the lower the timing, the better
颗粒:三星Bdie >镁光C9>海力士CJR>长鑫Adie>南亚Adie>三星Cdie
Heat dissipation: thermal pad + metal shell
Common brands: Kingston/Corsair/ADATA/Acer/Jinbaida, etc
DDR5 memory
频率：6000Mhz-8000Mhz
Timing: C28-C40, the lower the timing, the better
颗粒:海力士特挑Adie>海力士新Mdie>海力士Adie>长鑫三星等散热:导热垫+金属外壳(超频需内存风扇)
Brand: Kingston/Acer/ADATA/Lexar/Jinbaida, etc
It should be noted that you can't generalize about which is better, D4 or D5, for example, Adobe chooses D5, and FPS games choose D4 with low timing.
Normal motherboard XMP can reach the standard frequency, overclocking requires better motherboard and CPU support
When buying memory, frequency and timing are equally important, for example, the 3200 of the C14 and the 6400 of the C32 perform similarly in games
Don't buy bare strips without vests, don't buy miscellaneous memory, don't insert 4 memory, D4 below 3000Mhz and D5 below 5600Mhz have been eliminated, it is recommended that D4 buy dual-channel 8*2 16G, D5 buy double 16G or 24G, don't buy a single strip.
Detailed explanation of heat dissipation knowledge
Air-cooled heat dissipation
Tower body: double tower> single tower> pressed down
Heat pipes: 0 heat pipes under pressure / 8 heat pipes in double towers in succession
Base: Nickel-plated> heat pipes for direct contact> plug for copper > aluminum bottom for direct contact
Fan: Dual fan> single fan> no fan
Fastener: screw-fastened> snap-fastened
Silicone grease: choose Shin-Etsu 7921, Limin TF7 and other high thermal conductivity models
Common brands: Limin, Owl, Kyushu Fengshen, Yajun, Coolio, etc
Water cooling and heat dissipation
冷排：420mm>360mm>240mm>120mm
Water pump: Aestek 8th generation > Aestek 7th generation> brand self-developed solution fan: high air pressure fan> high air volume fan
Warranty: 5 years and above is excellent
Silicone grease: choose Shin-Etsu 7921, Limin TF7 and other high thermal conductivity models
Common brands: Limin, Wind Chaser, ROG, Valkyrie, Titanium, etc
It should be noted that the brand warranty> the heat dissipation specifications > appearance. Don't buy old stock models without 1700 and AM5 buckles, the current first-line brand of water cooling, ordinary users don't have to worry about the risk of leakage. After many years of air cooling, the dried silicone grease can be replaced. After many years of water cooling, there was air noise and pump noise in the water pipes, and the water cooling needed to be replaced.
Detailed explanation of power supply knowledge
ATX power supply/SFX power supply/1U power supply
ATX power supply: the length is 14CM and above power supply, commonly used in large chassis
SFX Power Supply: Small power supply, common language inside ITX chassis
IU power supply: micro power supply, common words inside ITX chassis and industrial control host
80PLUS Certification: Titanium > Platinum> Gold> Silver> Bronze > White
ATX3.0 certification: Strict specifications proposed by Intel, certified power supplies have better stability
PCIE5.0:自带显卡的12VHPWR新16PIN接口
Non-module: that is, direct power supply, all power supply lines are fixed on the power supply, and cannot be unplugged or replaced
Semi-module: The motherboard and CPU power supply are fixed on the power supply and cannot be unplugged, and the graphics card sata large 4D can be unplugged
Fully modular: All power cables can be unplugged or replaced
Capacitors: all Japanese capacitors> Japanese main capacitors> domestic capacitors
It should be noted that the purchase of power supply brand > certification > stacking, the use of AMD graphics cards requires a better power supply, the use of 4070Ti and above graphics cards, the purchase of ATX3.0 certified power supply with the new 16pin interface, pay attention to quietness users choose the fan with automatic start and stop power supply.
Detailed explanation of chassis knowledge
Medium tower & full tower chassis / IX chassis / sea view room chassis
Full-tower chassis: the power supply is downward, supporting all motherboards of ITX-EATX, with the advantages of strong compatibility, healthy air ducts for heat dissipation of the chassis, convenient replacement of accessories in the later stage, low price, and wide use scenarios
ITX Chassis: A wide variety, pure-blooded ITX chassis only supports ITX motherboards and SFX power supplies, the advantage is good portability, high appearance, suitable for high-quality desk solutions, the disadvantage is that the price is expensive, the heat dissipation is poor, and the noise and power consumption are uncontrollable after installing i9 and 4090
Sea view room case: the power supply is back-mounted, RGB fans can be installed on the top, bottom, side and tail of the front of the case to improve the lighting effect of the whole machine, the advantage is high appearance, good heat dissipation, good compatibility, and the disadvantage is that the appearance is premium, the volume is large, especially the thickness is large, and it occupies more desktop space.
It should be noted that before buying the case, you must pay attention to the length of the compatible graphics card, the chassis almost does not affect the performance of the whole machine, you can use cheap replacement, and the budget can be added to other places, after all, the money should be spent on the blade and not on the knife handle.